General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580343
Author: Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 9.118QP

Calculate the lattice energy of potassium fluoride, KF, using the Born–Haber cycle. Use thermodynamic data from Appendix C to obtain the enthalpy changes for each step. (Note: You will obtain a slightly different answer if you use values given in Chapter 8 for the ionization energy and electron affinity, which are energy values at 0 K rather than the enthalpy changes at 298 K.)

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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lattice energy of Potassium fluoride has to be calculated via the Born Haber cycle.

Concept introduction:

Lattice energy:

The amount of energy that is necessary for the conversion of one mole of ionic solid to its constituent ions in gaseous phase is called Lattice energy.

Hess’s law:

The enthalpy change for given set of reactants to the given set of products is the same, whether, the process takes place in single or sequence of steps.  This is called as Hess’s law.

Enthalpy is generally calculated from the standard enthalpy of formation.

ΔHreactiono=npΔHfo(products)-npΔHo(reactants)

With the thermodynamic values from Hess’s law, the lattice energy of ionic compound can be determined.

Answer to Problem 9.118QP

The lattice energy of Potassium fluoride is 996kJ/mol

Explanation of Solution

The above thermo chemical equations can be obtained by applying Hess’s law.

The lattice energy (last row) is obtained by the sum of the enthalpy of sublimation, dissociation, ionization, electron affinity.

K(s) K(g) ΔHsublimation=+89kJ/mol
12F2(g) F(g) ΔHdissociation=+79.39kJ/mol
K(g) K(g)++e- ΔHionization=+514kJ/mol
F(g)+e- F(g)- ΔHEA=-255.1kJ/mol
K(g)++F(g)- KF(s) ΔHlatticeenergy=-UkJ/mol
K(s) + 12F2(g) KF(s) ΔHfo=-568.6kJ/mol

-568.6kJ/mol=(89+79.39+514.0-255.1-U)kJ/molU(kJ/mol)=(89+79.39+514.0-255.1+568.6)kJ/mol=995.9=996kJ/mol

The lattice energy of Potassium fluoride is 996kJ/mol

Conclusion

The lattice energy of Potassium fluoride is found to be 996kJ/mol

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Suppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xtrinsium" (Xt). Xt exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth. Xt(s) + F2(g) → XtF2(s)   Lattice energy for XtF2 -2360. kJ/mol First Ionization energy of Xt  520. kJ/mol Second Ionization energy of Xt  936 kJ/mol Electron affinity of F -327.8 kJ/mol Bond energy of F2  154 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xt      180. kJ/mol Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xtrinsium fluoride.
The ionic radii of element E and a different metallic element, M, are shown in the following table: Both elements form oxides, E2O and MO. If lattice energy is defined as the energy required to separate an ionic solid into individual separate gaseous ions, would the lattice energy of MO be less than, equal to, or greater than the lattice energy of the oxide E2O? Justify your answer in terms of Coulomb's law
Suppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xercisium" (Xr). Xr exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth. Xr(s) + Cl2(g) → XrCl2(s)   Lattice energy for XrCl2 -2020. kJ/mol First Ionization energy of Xr  500. kJ/mol Second Ionization energy of Xr  950. kJ/mol Electron affinity of Cl -348.7 kJ/mol Bond energy of Cl2  239 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xr      200. kJ/mol Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xercisium chloride.

Chapter 9 Solutions

General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)

Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 9.10ECh. 9.6 - Prob. 9.11ECh. 9.6 - Prob. 9.2CCCh. 9.7 - Prob. 9.12ECh. 9.8 - Prob. 9.13ECh. 9.8 - Prob. 9.14ECh. 9.9 - Prob. 9.15ECh. 9.9 - Prob. 9.3CCCh. 9.10 - Estimate the OH bond length in H2O from the...Ch. 9.10 - Formic acid, isolated in 1670, is the irritant in...Ch. 9.11 - Use bond enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy...Ch. 9 - Describe the formation of a sodium chloride...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.3QPCh. 9 - Define lattice energy for potassium bromide.Ch. 9 - Why do most monatomic cations of the main-group...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.7QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.8QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.9QPCh. 9 - Draw a potential-energy diagram for a molecule...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.11QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.12QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.13QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.14QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.15QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.16QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.17QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.18QPCh. 9 - Which of the following contains both ionic and...Ch. 9 - The radii of the species S, S+, and S decrease in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.21QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.22QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.23QPCh. 9 - Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical...Ch. 9 - You land on a distant planet in another universe...Ch. 9 - Which of the following represent configurations of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.27QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.28QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.29QPCh. 9 - For each of the following molecular models, write...Ch. 9 - For each of the following molecular formulas, draw...Ch. 9 - Below are three resonance formulas for N2O...Ch. 9 - Lithium, Li, reacts with element X to form an...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.34QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.35QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.36QPCh. 9 - Use Lewis symbols to represent the transfer of...Ch. 9 - Use Lewis symbols to represent the electron...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.39QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.40QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.41QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.42QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.43QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.44QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.45QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.46QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.47QPCh. 9 - Which has the larger radius, N3 or P3? 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H3PO3, has the structure...Ch. 9 - Hypophosphorous acid, H3PO2, has the structure...Ch. 9 - An ionic compound has the following composition...Ch. 9 - An ionic compound has the following composition...Ch. 9 - A gaseous compound has the following composition...Ch. 9 - A liquid compound used in dry cleaning contains...Ch. 9 - A compound of tin and chlorine is a colorless...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.144QPCh. 9 - Calculate the enthalpy of reaction for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.146QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.147QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.148QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.149QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.150QP
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