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If the total change in free energy of a molt en metal is
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The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
- For a hypothetical material, experiments show that a sample containing 1 billion atoms has 40 vacancies under equilibrium conditions at 600 degrees Celsius. Determine the energy for vacancy formation in the material at 600 degrees Celsius.arrow_forwardWhat are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?arrow_forwardProve that the directional indices of plane [u v w] is perpendicular to miller indices (h k l).arrow_forward
- Given that a component is made of 0.1 wt.%C steel is carburized by introducing 1.0 wt.% carbon at its surface at 980ºC. Calculate the carbon content at 0.5 mm below the surface of this component after 1 hour.Do= 0.2 cm^2/s and Qd=40,000 cal/mol.arrow_forwardwhat microstructure is this ASTM A128 materialarrow_forwarda) If a nucleus forms with a radius less than critical radius for nucleation, it will disappear. Explain why?b) Explain the free energy diagram; explain how the total free energy of the solid-liquid system changeswith the size of the solid.arrow_forward
- 3. Why are dislocations not considered thermodynamic equilibrium defects like vacancies? Explain by describing the relative interplay between entropy and enthalpy affecting the Gibbs free energy of the dislocations-containing material system.arrow_forwardThe maximum solubility of C in Fe, when a steel is formed, is 2% by weight A) TrueB) falsearrow_forwardIron (Fe) undergoes an allotropic transformation at 912°C: upon heating from a BCC [ alpha phase) to a FCC (gamma phase). Accompanying thistransformation is a change in the atomic radius of Fe from R bcc= 0.12584 nm to R fcc= 0.12394 nm and, in addition, a change in density.Compute the percentage volume change per atom (Vfinal |-V initial |)/ (V; initial |) associated with this reaction . Indicate whetherthere is an expansion or zontraction taking place during the processarrow_forward
- 1. You have ice at 263 K (-10.0 °C) and 1.0 atm. Whatvcould you do to make the ice sublime? 2. A sample of dry ice (solid CO2) is cooled to 173 K (-100.0 °C), and is set on a table at room temperature (298 K; 25 °C). At what temperature is the rate of sublimation and deposition the same (assume that pressure is held constant at 1 atm)?arrow_forward1. An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.20 wt% C is carburized at an elevated temperature and in an atmosphere that gives a surface carbon concentration constant at 1.0 wt%. If after 49.5 h, the concentration of carbon is 0.35 wt% at a position 4.0 mm below the surface, determine the temperature at which the treatment was carried out. 2. Consider a metal single-crystal oriented such that the normal to the slip plane and the slip direction are at angles of 60° and 35°, respectively, with the tensile axis. If the critical resolved shear stress is 20.7 MPa, will an applied stress of 45 MPa cause the single crystal to yield? If not, what stress will be necessary?arrow_forwardIn MO theory, which has the highest bond order?arrow_forward
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