Chemistry for Engineering Students
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337398909
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 9.26PAE
9.26 Gas furnaces have achieved impressive efficiency levels largely through the addition of a second heat exchanger that condenses water vapor that would otherwise escape out the exhaust system attached to the furnace. How does this process improve efficiency?
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Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 9 - Explain the economic importance of conversions...Ch. 9 - • define work and beat using the standard sign...Ch. 9 - • define state functions and explain their...Ch. 9 - • state the first law of thermodynamics in words...Ch. 9 - • use calorimetric data to obtain values for E and...Ch. 9 - • define Hfo and write formation reactions for...Ch. 9 - • explain Hess’s law in your own words.Ch. 9 - • calculate H for chemical reactions from...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.1PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.2PAE
Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.4PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.5PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.6PAECh. 9 - Define the term internal energy.Ch. 9 - How fast (in meters per second) must an iron ball...Ch. 9 - What is the kinetic energy of a single molecule of...Ch. 9 - 9.10 The kinetic energy of molecules is often used...Ch. 9 - 9.11 Analyze the units of the quantity...Ch. 9 - 9.12 How many kilojoules are equal to 3.27 L atm...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.13PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.14PAECh. 9 - 9.15 Carry out the following conversions of energy...Ch. 9 - 9.16 According to Figure 9.2, the total energy...Ch. 9 - 9.17 If a machine does 4.8103kJ of work after an...Ch. 9 - 9.18 Calculate (a) q when a system does 54J of...Ch. 9 - 9.19 If the algebraic sign of E is negative, in...Ch. 9 - 9.20 State the first law of thermodynamics briefly...Ch. 9 - 9.21 Which type of energy heat or work, is valued...Ch. 9 - 9.12 PV-work occurs when volume changes and...Ch. 9 - 9.23 Which system does not work: (a) E=436J ,...Ch. 9 - 9.29 In which case is heat added to the system:...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.25PAECh. 9 - 9.26 Gas furnaces have achieved impressive...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.27PAECh. 9 - 9.28 When an electrical appliance whose power...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.29PAECh. 9 - 9.30 For the example of shallow water and sandy...Ch. 9 - 9.31 A metal radiator is made from 26.0 kg of...Ch. 9 - 9.32 The material typically used to heat metal...Ch. 9 - 9.33 Copper wires used to transport electrical...Ch. 9 - 9.34 A copper nail and an iron nail of the same...Ch. 9 - 9.35 A piece of titanium metal with a mass of 20.8...Ch. 9 - 9.36 Define the term calibration.Ch. 9 - 9.37 A calorimeter contained 75.0 g of water at...Ch. 9 - 9.38 The energy densities of various types of coal...Ch. 9 - 9.39 How much thermal energy is required to heat...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.40PAECh. 9 - 9.41 Under what conditions does the enthalpy...Ch. 9 - 9.42 Why is enthalpy generally more useful than...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.43PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.44PAECh. 9 - 9.45 What happens to the temperature of a material...Ch. 9 - 9.46 The heat of fusion of pure silicon is 43.4...Ch. 9 - 9.47 If 14.8 kJ of heat is given off when 1.6 g of...Ch. 9 - 9.48 Calculate the energy required to convert 1.70...Ch. 9 - 9.49 Hvap=31.3 kJ/mol for acetone. If 1.40 kg of...Ch. 9 - 9.50 When a 13.0-g sample of NaOH(s) dissolves in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.51PAECh. 9 - 9.52 Write the formation reaction for each of the...Ch. 9 - 9.53 Using these reactions, find the standard...Ch. 9 - 9.54 The phase change between graphite and diamond...Ch. 9 - 9.55 Hydrogen gas will react with either acetylene...Ch. 9 - 9.56 Using heats of formation tabulated in...Ch. 9 - 9.57 The heat of combustion of butane is —2877...Ch. 9 - 9.58 For the reaction C2H2(g)+2H2(g)C2H6,H=136 kJ....Ch. 9 - 9.59 For the reaction N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g),H=180.5kJ...Ch. 9 - 9.60 Nitroglycenne, C3H5(NO3)3( l ), is an...Ch. 9 - 9.61 Silane, SiH4, burns according to the...Ch. 9 - 9.62 Sulfur trioxide can be removed from the...Ch. 9 - 9.63 Reactions of hydrocarhons are often studied...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.64PAECh. 9 - 9.65 When 0.0157 g of a compound with a heat of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.66PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.67PAECh. 9 - 9.68 What are some features of petroleum that make...Ch. 9 - 9.69 How are the roles of transmission substations...Ch. 9 - 9.70 Residential electric service in the United...Ch. 9 - 9.71 In recent years, the notion of a “smart grid”...Ch. 9 - 9.72 Although it can be a nuisance when a laptop...Ch. 9 - 9.73 Without looking up any numerical data or...Ch. 9 - 9.74 Without looking up any numerical data or...Ch. 9 - 9.75 Explain why each of the following chemical...Ch. 9 - 9.76 Which of the following are state functions?...Ch. 9 - 9.77 When a reaction is exothermic, is the sum of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.78PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.79PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.80PAECh. 9 - 9.81 A substance has the following properties:...Ch. 9 - 9.82 The specific heat of gold is 0.13 J g-1 K-1...Ch. 9 - 9.83 A student performing a calorimetry experiment...Ch. 9 - 9.84 Some claim it would be more logical to use...Ch. 9 - 9.85 The figure below shows a "self-cooling"...Ch. 9 - 9.86 You make some iced tea by dropping 134 g of...Ch. 9 - 9.87 What will be the final temperature of a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.88PAECh. 9 - 9.89 A sample of gas is 80.0% CH4 and 20.0% C2H6...Ch. 9 - 9.90 Many engineering designs must incorporate...Ch. 9 - 9.91 You want to heat the air in your house with...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.92PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.93PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.94PAECh. 9 - 9.95 How much heat is required to convert 250 g of...Ch. 9 - 9.96 Most first aid "cold packs" are based on the...Ch. 9 - 9.97 Suppose that the working fluid inside an...Ch. 9 - 9.98 Hydrogen combines with oxygen in fuel cells...Ch. 9 - 9.99 The chemical reaction...Ch. 9 - 9.100 Two baking sheets are made of different...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.101PAECh. 9 - 9.102 A runner generates 418 kJ of energy per...Ch. 9 - 9.103 One reason why the energy density of a fuel...Ch. 9 - 9.104 An engineer is using sodium metal as a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.105PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.106PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.107PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.108PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.109PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.110PAE
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9.63 Reactions of hydrocarhons are often studied in the petroleum industry. One example is 2C3H8(g)C6H6(l)+5H2(g) , with H = 698 kJ. If 35 L of propane at 25C and 0.97 atm is to be reacted, how much heat must he supplied?
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9.47 If 14.8 kJ of heat is given off when 1.6 g of HCl condenses from vapor to liquid, what is Hcond for this substance?
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9.102 A runner generates 418 kJ of energy per kilometer from the cellular oxidation of food. The runner's body must dissipate this heat or the body will overheat. Suppose that sweat evaporation is the only important cooling mechanism. If you estimate the enthalpy of evaporation of water as 44 kJ/mol and assume that sweat can he treated as water, describe how you would estimate the volume of sweat that would have to be evaporated if the runner runs a 10-km race.
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Ammonium nitrate is an oxidizing agent and can give rise to explosive mixtures. A mixture of 2.00 mol of powdered aluminum and 3.00 mol of ammonium nitrate crystals reacts exothermically yielding nitrogen gas, water vapor, and aluminum oxide. How many grams of the mixture are required to provide 245 kJ of heat? See Appendix C for data.
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When hydrazine reacts with oxygen, nitrogen gas and steam are formed. (a) Write a thermochemical equation for the reaction. (b) How much heat is evolved or absorbed if 1.683 L of steam at 125C and 772 mm Hg are obtained?
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An industrial process for manufacturing sulfuric acid, H2SO4, uses hydrogen sulfide, H2S, from the purification of natural gas. In the first step of this process, the hydrogen sulfide is burned to obtain sulfur dioxide, SO2. 2H2S(g)+3O2(g)2H2O(l)+2SO2(g);H=1124kJ The density of sulfur dioxide at 25C and 1.00 atm is 2.62 g/L, and the molar heat capacity is 30.2 J/(mol C). (a) How much heat would be evolved in producing 1.00 L of SO2 at 25C and 1.00 atm? (b) Suppose heat from this reaction is used to heat 1.00 L of the SO2 from 25C to 500C for its use in the next step of the process. What percentage of the heat evolved is required for this?
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The reaction SO3(g)+H2O(l)H2SO4(aq) is the last step in the commercial production of sulfuric acid. The enthalpy change for this reaction is 227 kJ. In designing a sulfuric acid plant, is it necessary to provide for heating or cooling of the reaction mixture? Explain.
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Consider the combustion of propane: C3H8(g)+5O2(g)3CO2(g)+4H2O(l)H=2221KJ Assume that all the heat in Example 7-3 comes from the combustion of propane. What mass of propane must be burned to furnish this amount of energy assuming the heat transfer process is 60.% efficient?
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9.104 An engineer is using sodium metal as a cooling agent in a design because it has useful thermal properties. Looting up the heat capacity, the engineer finds a value of 28.2 J mol-l °C-l. Carelessly, he wrote this number down without units. As a result, it was later taken as specific heat. (a) What would he the difference between these two values? (b) Would the engineer overestimate the ability of sodium to remove heat from the system or underestimate it because of this error? Be sure to explain your reasoning.
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Consider a mixture of air and gasoline vapor in a cylinder with a piston. The original volume is 40. cm3. If the combustion of this mixture releases 950. J of energy, to what volume will the gases expand against a constant pressure of 650. torr if all the energy of combustion is converted into work to push back the piston?
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The equation for the combustion of butane, C4H10, is C4H10(g)+132O2(g)4CO2(g)+5H2O(g) Which one of the following generates the least heat? Why? a Burning one mole of butane b Reacting one mole of oxygen with excess butane c Producing one mole of carbon dioxide by burning butane d Producing one mole of water by burning butane
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The addition of 3.15 g of Ba(OH)28H2O to a solution of 1.52 g of NH4SCN in loo g of water in a calorimeter caused the temperature to fall by 3.1 C. Assuming the specific heat of the solution and products is 4.20 J/g C, calculate the approximate amount of heat absorbed by the reaction, which can be represented by the following equation: Ba(OH)28H2O(s)+2NH4SCN(aq)Ba(SCN)2(aq)+2NH3(aq)+10H2O(l)
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