Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The validation about the given amino acid being a D-amino acid or an L-amino acid has to be answered.
Concept introduction: If
(b)
Interpretation: The validation about the given amino acid being a polar amino acid or a nonpolar amino acid has to be answered.
Concept introduction: The amino acid that has one
The amino acid that has one amine group, one carboxyl group and polar side chain is called polar amino acid.
(c)
Interpretation: The validation about the given amino acid being a standard or a nonstandard amino acid has to be answered.
Concept introduction: The amino acids that are found in proteins are called standard amino acids. There are 20 standard amino acids.
(d)
Interpretation: The validation about the given amino acid being an essential amino acid or a non-essential amino acid has to be answered.
Concept introduction: The standard amino acids that are required for the protein synthesis are called essential amino acids. The human body cannot synthesise these standard amino acids in sufficient amounts and should be included in the diet.
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Organic And Biological Chemistry
- Leuprolide is a synthetic nonapeptide used to treat both endometriosis in women and prostate cancer in men. (a) Both C-terminal and N-terminal amino acids in leuprolide have been structurally modified. Identify the modifications. (b) One of the nine amino acids in leuprolide has d stereochemistry rather than the usual L. Which one? (c) Write the structure of leuprolide using both one- and three-letter abbreviations. (d) What charge would you expect leuprolide to have at neutral pH?arrow_forwardAlthough only l-amino acids occur in proteins, d-amino acids are often a part of the metabolism of lower organisms. The antibiotic actinomycin D, for example, contains a unit of d-valine, and the antibiotic bacitracin A contains units of d-asparagine and d-glutamic acid. Draw Fischer projections and three-dimensional representations for these three d-amino acids.arrow_forwardWhich L-amino acid has "R" configuration?arrow_forward
- 1. (a) Draw a circle around one amino acidin the structure. ( b) Draw a box around one amino acid side chain. (c) Indicate whether the side chain you chose is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. (d) Draw an arrow pointing to a peptide bond 2. If the peptide segment shown above was part of a beta sheet, which of its functional groups would be involved in forming and stabilizing the beta sheet? 3. Which amino acid (also called amino acid residue)would be more likely to occur on the surface of a protein: an aspartate residue or a methionine residue? Explain your choice.arrow_forwardDraw the predominant form the glutamine amino acids at physiological pH (7.4):arrow_forwardA. Draw the structure of L-valine in a strongly basic solution. B. What is the charge of this amino acid in a strongly basic solution? C. What is the pH of D at its isoelectric point? D. Show the structure of this amino acid at its isoelectric point. E. What is the charge of this amino acid in a strongly acidic solution?arrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,