Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry for Engineering Students
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337398909
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 9.53PAE

9.53 Using these reactions, find the standard enthalpy change for the formation of 1 mol of PhO(s) from lead metal and oxygen gas.

   PbO(s) + C ( graphite ) Pb(s) + CO(g)

   Δ H ° = 106.8 kJ

   2C(graphite) + O2(g) 2CO(g)

   Δ H ° = -221.0 kJ

If 250 g of lead reacts with oxygen to form lead(II) oxide, what quantity of thermal energy (in kJ) is ahsorhed or evolved?

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The quantity of thermal energy absorbed or evolved has to be calculated when 250g of lead reacts with oxygen to form lead(II) oxide.

Concept introduction:

  • Hess’s law states that irrespective of the multiple steps in a reaction, the total enthalpy change is the summation of all the changes.
  • The Hess’s law allows us to calculate the heat of reaction for any reaction that occurs at standard conditions using heat of formation of reactants and products.
  • The standard enthalpy change for a reaction can be calculated as: ΔH°=nΔHf°(products)nΔHf°(reactants), where ΔH° is the enthalpy or the heat of the reaction and ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Given:

PbO(s)+C(s,graphite)Pb(s)+ CO(g)ΔH°=106.8kJ    (i)2C(s,graphite)+O2(g)2CO(g)ΔH°=221.0kJ(ii)

Answer to Problem 9.53PAE

Solution: The quantity of thermal energy absorbed or evolved when 250g of lead reacts with oxygen to form lead(II) oxide is -262.2 kJ.

Explanation of Solution

The enthalpy or the standard heat of a reaction equals the difference between the sum of all the standard heats of formation of the products and the sum of all the standard heats of formation of the reactants. Here “n” is the number by which heat of formation for each reactant or product must be multiplied and we obtain it from the balanced equation.

To obtain the equation for reaction of lead with oxygen to form lead(II) oxide, subtract 2 times equation (i) from equation (ii).

 2C(s,graphite)+O2(g)2CO(g)(ii)-2PbO(s)+2C(s,graphite)2Pb(s)+ 2CO(g)    (i)×22Pb(s)+O2(g)2PbO(s)

ΔH°=nΔHf°(products)nΔHf°(reactants)={-221.02 - 2(106.8)}kJ = - 434.62 kJ

Molecular weight of lead = 207.2 g/mol

From the balanced chemical equation, when 2 mole, i.e., 2×207.2g = 414.4g of lead reacted, the heat given off is - 434.62 kJ

Therefore, when 250g of lead reacted, the heat given off is =- 434.62 kJ 414.4g×250g=-262.2 kJ

Conclusion

The quantity of thermal energy absorbed or evolved when 250g of lead reacts with oxygen to form lead(II) oxide is -262.2 kJ

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Chapter 9 Solutions

Chemistry for Engineering Students

Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.4PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.5PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.6PAECh. 9 - Define the term internal energy.Ch. 9 - How fast (in meters per second) must an iron ball...Ch. 9 - What is the kinetic energy of a single molecule of...Ch. 9 - 9.10 The kinetic energy of molecules is often used...Ch. 9 - 9.11 Analyze the units of the quantity...Ch. 9 - 9.12 How many kilojoules are equal to 3.27 L atm...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.13PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.14PAECh. 9 - 9.15 Carry out the following conversions of energy...Ch. 9 - 9.16 According to Figure 9.2, the total energy...Ch. 9 - 9.17 If a machine does 4.8103kJ of work after an...Ch. 9 - 9.18 Calculate (a) q when a system does 54J of...Ch. 9 - 9.19 If the algebraic sign of E is negative, in...Ch. 9 - 9.20 State the first law of thermodynamics briefly...Ch. 9 - 9.21 Which type of energy heat or work, is valued...Ch. 9 - 9.12 PV-work occurs when volume changes and...Ch. 9 - 9.23 Which system does not work: (a) E=436J ,...Ch. 9 - 9.29 In which case is heat added to the system:...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.25PAECh. 9 - 9.26 Gas furnaces have achieved impressive...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.27PAECh. 9 - 9.28 When an electrical appliance whose power...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.29PAECh. 9 - 9.30 For the example of shallow water and sandy...Ch. 9 - 9.31 A metal radiator is made from 26.0 kg of...Ch. 9 - 9.32 The material typically used to heat metal...Ch. 9 - 9.33 Copper wires used to transport electrical...Ch. 9 - 9.34 A copper nail and an iron nail of the same...Ch. 9 - 9.35 A piece of titanium metal with a mass of 20.8...Ch. 9 - 9.36 Define the term calibration.Ch. 9 - 9.37 A calorimeter contained 75.0 g of water at...Ch. 9 - 9.38 The energy densities of various types of coal...Ch. 9 - 9.39 How much thermal energy is required to heat...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.40PAECh. 9 - 9.41 Under what conditions does the enthalpy...Ch. 9 - 9.42 Why is enthalpy generally more useful than...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.43PAECh. 9 - Prob. 9.44PAECh. 9 - 9.45 What happens to the temperature of a material...Ch. 9 - 9.46 The heat of fusion of pure silicon is 43.4...Ch. 9 - 9.47 If 14.8 kJ of heat is given off when 1.6 g of...Ch. 9 - 9.48 Calculate the energy required to convert 1.70...Ch. 9 - 9.49 Hvap=31.3 kJ/mol for acetone. 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