Chemistry
Chemistry
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781259911156
Author: Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP

Write Lewis dot symbols for the following atoms and ions: (a) I, (b) I, (c) S, (d) S2−, (e) P, (f) P3−, (g) Na, (h) Na+, (i) Mg, (j) Mg2+, (k) Al, (l) Al3+, (m) Pb, (n) Pb2+.

(a)

Expert Solution
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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for I atom has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of I is 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p5.  It shows there are seven valence electrons.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for I is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  1

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for I has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of I is 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p5.  It shows there are seven valence electrons.  When neutral I atom gains one electron I is formed.  I has electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p6. Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for I is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  2

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for S atom has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of S is 1s22s22p63s23p4.  It shows there are six valence electrons.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for S is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  3

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for S2 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of S is 1s22s22p63s23p4.  When S atom in neutral atomic state gains two electrons it forms S2 ion.  Thus its electronic configuration becomes 1s22s22p63s23p6. It shows there are eight valence electron.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for S2 is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  4

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for P atom has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of P is 1s22s22p63s23p3.  It shows there are five valence electrons.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for P is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  5

(f)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for P3 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of P is 1s22s22p63s23p3.  It shows there are five valence electrons.  When P atom in neutral state accepts three electrons P3 is formed.  Electronic configuration of P3 is 1s22s22p63s23p6.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for P3 is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  6

(g)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for Na atom has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of Na is 1s22s22p63s1.  There is only one valence electron.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for Na is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  7

(h)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for Na+ has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of Na is 1s22s22p63s1. Na+ ion is formed by removal of one electron from valence shell. Thus the resulting ion has electronic configuration 1s22s22p6 and there are eight electrons in valence shell.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for Na+ is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  8

(i)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for Mg atom has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of Mg is 1s22s22p63s2. There are two valence electrons.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for Mg is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  9

(j)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for Mg2+ has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of Mg is 1s22s22p63s2.  There are two valence electrons.  When the two valence electrons are lost Mg2+ is formed.  Electronic configuration of Mg2+ is 1s22s22p6.  Thus Mg2+ has eight valence electrons.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for Mg2+ is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  10

(k)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for Al atom has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of Al is 1s22s22p63s23p1.  It shows there are three valence electrons.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for Al is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  11

(l)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for Al3+ has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of Al is 1s22s22p63s23p1.  It shows there are three valence electrons.  When three valence electrons of Al are lost Al3+ is formed and its electron configuration 1s22s22p6.  The valence shell of Al3+ has eight electrons.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for Al3+ is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  12

(m)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for Pb has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of Pb is 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p2.  It shows there are four valence electrons.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for Pb is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  13

(n)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for Pb2+ has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration of Pb is 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f145s25p65d106s26p2.  It shows there are four valence electrons in valence shell.  When two valence electrons of Pb are lost Pb2+ is formed and it has two valence electrons.  Accordingly Lewis dot symbol for Pb2+ is drawn as,

Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.5QP , additional homework tip  14

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Chapter 9 Solutions

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