General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781285853918
Author: H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 9, Problem 9.89EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the reaction C6H6(g) + 3H2(g)  C6H12(g) + heat the change in equilibrium shift has to be determined when the concentration of C6H12 is increased.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle:

If some forces applied, the system at equilibrium will get disrupted.  This change in equilibrium can be due to the change in pressure or temperature.  The change in reactant concentration can also disrupt the equilibrium.  Over time, the forward and backward reaction become equal and will attain a new equilibrium.  The equilibrium will shifts to right, if more products are formed and the system will shifts to left, if more reactants are formed.

The principle states that if some stress is applied to the system at equilibrium, the system will adjust itself in a direction which reduces the stress.

Concentration Changes:

Addition of reactant or product or removal of reactant or product from a system at equilibrium will affects the equilibrium.  If some reactant is added to a system at equilibrium, then the equilibrium will shifts to the product side, so that the added reactant get consumed.  If product is added then the equilibrium will shift towards left side.

Example:

  N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)

If N2 is added then the equilibrium will shift towards right.

If NH3 is added then the equilibrium will shift towards left.

If N2 is removed then the equilibrium will shift towards left.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 9.89EP

The equilibrium will shift towards left on increasing the concentration of C6H12.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is:

    C6H6(g) + 3H2(g)  C6H12(g) + heat

On increasing the concentration of C6H12 will shift the equilibrium towards left.  Increasing the concentration of product will shift the equilibrium towards left, thus using up some of the added product.

Hence the equilibrium will shifts to the left.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the reaction C6H6(g) + 3H2(g)  C6H12(g) + heat the change in equilibrium shift has to be determined when the concentration of C6H6 is decreased.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle:

The principle states that if some stress is applied to the system at equilibrium, the system will adjust itself in a direction which reduces the stress.

Concentration changes:

If the concentration of the reactant is increased, then the equilibrium will shift towards the right (product side).  If the concentration of product is increased then the equilibrium will shift towards reactant side.  Finally a new equilibrium will attain.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 9.89EP

The equilibrium shifts towards left, on decreasing the concentration of C6H6.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is:

    C6H6(g) + 3H2(g)  C6H12(g) + heat

Decreasing the concentration of reactant will shift the equilibrium towards the reactant side, thus producing more of the substance that was removed.  On decreasing the concentration of C6H6 the equilibrium will shift towards left.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the reaction C6H6(g) + 3H2(g)  C6H12(g) + heat the change in equilibrium shift has to be determined when the temperature is increased.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle:

If some forces applied, the system at equilibrium will get disrupted.  This change in equilibrium can be due to the change in pressure or temperature.  The change in reactant concentration can also disrupt the equilibrium.  Over time, the forward and backward reaction become equal and will attain a new equilibrium.  The equilibrium will shifts to right, if more products are formed and the system will shifts to left, if more reactants are formed.

The principle states that if some stress is applied to the system at equilibrium, the system will adjust itself in a direction which reduces the stress.

Temperature Changes

Heat is one of the products in exothermic reaction and heat is used up in endothermic reaction.

Consider an exothermic reaction;

    H2(g)+F2(g)2HF(g)+heat

If heat is added up, then the reaction will shift to left so that the amount of heat will decrease.

Lowering the temperature will make the reaction to shift towards right.

Consider an endothermic reaction;

    Heat+2CO2(g)2CO(g)+O2(g)

Increase in temperature will shift the reaction towards right.

If heat is added up, then the reaction will shift towards right.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 9.89EP

The equilibrium shifts to left on increasing the temperature.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is:

    C6H6(g) + 3H2(g)  C6H12(g) + heat

Increasing the temperature of the reaction promotes endothermic reaction, thus the equilibrium will shift towards left.  Hence, on increasing temperature, the equilibrium moves towards left.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the reaction C6H6(g) + 3H2(g)  C6H12(g) + heat the change in equilibrium shift has to be determined when the pressure is decreased.by increasing the volume of the container.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle:

The principle states that if some stress is applied to the system at equilibrium, the system will adjust itself in a direction which reduces the stress.

Pressure Changes:

Only the gaseous reactants and products get affected by the pressure change.

Consider the reaction:

  2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g)

3 moles of reactant gives 2 moles of product.  Increase in pressure will shift the reaction towards the side which have fewer molecules.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 9.89EP

The equilibrium shifts to left, on decreasing pressure by increasing the volume.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is:

    C6H6(g) + 3H2(g)  C6H12(g) + heat

Decreasing the pressure by increasing the volume of the container will decrease the concentration of the gases.  Decrease in pressure will shift the equilibrium towards the side which contains more number of moles.  So here the reactant side is having more number of moles, and then the equilibrium will shift towards the reactant side.

Hence the equilibrium will shift towards left side.

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Chapter 9 Solutions

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 5QQCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2QQCh. 9.4 - Prob. 3QQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1QQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 9.5 - For endothermic chemical reactions the energy...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 1QQCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2QQCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3QQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 1QQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 2QQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 3QQCh. 9.8 - Which of the following is the correct equilibrium...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 2QQCh. 9.8 - Prob. 3QQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 1QQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 3QQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 4QQCh. 9 - What is the general chemical equation for each of...Ch. 9 - What is the general chemical equation for each of...Ch. 9 - Classify each of the following reactions as a...Ch. 9 - Classify each of the following reactions as a...Ch. 9 - Write the chemical formulas for the products...Ch. 9 - Write the chemical formulas for the products...Ch. 9 - Indicate whether or not each of the following...Ch. 9 - Indicate whether or not each of the following...Ch. 9 - Indicate to which of the following types of...Ch. 9 - Indicate to which of the following types of...Ch. 9 - What is the oxidation number of S in each of the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.12EPCh. 9 - Determine the oxidation number of the indicated...Ch. 9 - Determine the oxidation number of the indicated...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.15EPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.16EPCh. 9 - What is the oxidation number of each element...Ch. 9 - What is the oxidation number of each element...Ch. 9 - Classify each of the following reactions as a...Ch. 9 - Classify each of the following reactions as a...Ch. 9 - Classify each of the following reactions as (1) a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.22EPCh. 9 - Classify each of the following reactions using one...Ch. 9 - Classify each of the following reactions using one...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.25EPCh. 9 - In each of the following changes is the reactant...Ch. 9 - Identify which substance is oxidized and which...Ch. 9 - Identify which substance is oxidized and which...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.29EPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.30EPCh. 9 - Indicate whether each of the following substances...Ch. 9 - Indicate whether each of the following substances...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.33EPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.34EPCh. 9 - What are the three central concepts associated...Ch. 9 - Why are most chemical reactions carried out either...Ch. 9 - What two factors determine whether a collision...Ch. 9 - What happens to the reactants in an ineffective...Ch. 9 - Which of the following reactions are endothermic,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.40EPCh. 9 - Should heat be added as a reactant or as a product...Ch. 9 - Should heat be added as a reactant or as a product...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.43EPCh. 9 - Indicate whether each of the following is a...Ch. 9 - Sketch an energy diagram graph representing an...Ch. 9 - Sketch an energy diagram graph representing an...Ch. 9 - Using collision theory, indicate why each of the...Ch. 9 - Using collision theory, indicate why each of the...Ch. 9 - Substances burn more rapidly in pure oxygen than...Ch. 9 - Milk will sour in a couple of days when left at...Ch. 9 - Will each of the changes listed increase or...Ch. 9 - Will each of the changes listed increase or...Ch. 9 - For each of the changes listed will the rate of...Ch. 9 - For each of the changes listed will the rate of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.55EPCh. 9 - Draw an energy diagram graph for an endothermic...Ch. 9 - The characteristics of four reactions, each of...Ch. 9 - The characteristics of four reactions, each of...Ch. 9 - What condition must be met in order for a system...Ch. 9 - What relationship exists between the rates of the...Ch. 9 - What does the term reversible reaction mean?Ch. 9 - What does the notation denote when it is used in...Ch. 9 - Consider the following equilibrium system....Ch. 9 - Consider the following equilibrium system....Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.65EPCh. 9 - Sketch a graph showing how the rates of the...Ch. 9 - The following series of diagrams represent the...Ch. 9 - The following series of diagrams represent the...Ch. 9 - For the reaction A2 + 2B 2AB, diagram I depicts...Ch. 9 - For the reaction A2 + B2 2AB, diagram I depicts...Ch. 9 - Write equilibrium constant expressions for the...Ch. 9 - Write equilibrium constant expressions for the...Ch. 9 - Write equilibrium constant expressions for the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.74EPCh. 9 - Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant...Ch. 9 - Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.77EPCh. 9 - Use the given Keq value and the terminology in...Ch. 9 - Write a balanced chemical equation for a totally...Ch. 9 - Write a balanced chemical equation for a totally...Ch. 9 - The following four diagrams represent gaseous...Ch. 9 - Based on the diagrams, chemical reaction, and...Ch. 9 - The following four diagrams represent gaseous...Ch. 9 - Based on the diagrams, chemical reaction, and...Ch. 9 - Indicate whether or not each of the following...Ch. 9 - Indicate whether or not each of the following...Ch. 9 - For the generalized chemical reaction...Ch. 9 - For the generalized chemical reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.89EPCh. 9 - For the reaction C6H6(g)+3H2(g)C6H12(g)+heat...Ch. 9 - Consider the following chemical system at...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.92EPCh. 9 - The following two diagrams represent the...Ch. 9 - The following two diagrams represent the...Ch. 9 - Indicate whether or not product formation...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.96EPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.97EPCh. 9 - Indicate whether or not product formation...
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