What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in a signaltransduction pathway?

Q: What are the types of Receptor cells?

A: The specialized structures which are made up of protein molecules are known as receptors. These are…

Q: How do Signal transduction pathways differ between lipid-solubleand water-soluble messengers?

A: Introduction  Hormones regulates various physiological activities of the body such as growth,…

Q: Which isoform of creatinine kinase is found in Muscle?.

A: Isoenzymes are enzyme that have different subunit composition, different amino acid sequence but…

Q: What are kinases and what is their role in two-componentregulatory systems?

A: An alteration in the surrounding environment causes the bacterial cells to respond by changing their…

Q: What is the relative inhibition of the kinase if the substrate concentration equals Ks And the…

A: Enzymes are protein molecules that increase the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation…

Q: What is protein kinase?

A: Answer- kinase is a type of enzyme that is used to transfer the phosphate group from high energy…

Q: What is the role of lipidated proteins in G-protein-coupled receptors during signal transduction?

A: G-protein coupled receptor refers to the cell surface receptor that recognizes molecules (ligand)…

Q: Which of the following statements describes the signal amplification that results from activation of…

A: G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are integral membrane proteins which transmits or converts the…

Q: What are the two major mechanisms through which cell signaling leads to a change in cell behavior?

A: Cells respond to the changes in their immediate environment. To cope up with such changes the cell…

Q: What are the three types of cell signal receptors found in the plasma membrane?

A: A receptor is a molecule that is present inside or on the surface of the cell. This receptor…

Q: What is the sequence of events that takes place in cell signaling?

A: Cell signaling can be described as the cellular mechanism through which a cell is allowed to detect…

Q: Is protein kinase A a second messenger in the adenylate cyclase pathway?

A: Secondary messenger is the low molecular weight, intracellular molecule produced in high…

Q: What is the response step of signaling?

A: The cells have to adapt their behavior to stay alive and not misuse their resources. like if a cell…

Q: Define the term protein kinase?

A: Protein kinases are a group of enzymes that he's in catalysis of transfer of phosphate group from…

Q: What are G-protein-coupled receptors? Explain their function in regard to how particular…

A: Cell surface receptors are the proteins embedded in the membrane. These are integral membrane…

Q: What does Calmodulin-dependent protein kinases lead to?

A: Transferases are a class of enzymes that facilitate transferring groups from one molecule to…

Q: What is the difference in structure between G-protein linked receptors and enzyme-linked receptors?

A: The structure of G-protein linked receptors is different from the enzyme linked receptors.

Q: What is long distance and local signaling?

A: Cells, in general, communicate using electrical and chemical signals. Chemical signals are proteins…

Q: What are kinases and what do they do?

A: Enzymes are the various biologically active proteins that catalyze various metabolic processes in…

Q: When a G-coupled receptor is activated, does the By subunit activate any pathways? If yes, describe…

A: G-protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs) are the largest family of cell-surface receptors. The…

Q: What is G-proteincoupled receptors?

A: G-protein can be defined as a neutral tight binding protein that acts as a molecular switch inside…

Q: What is the difference between a G protein and a receptor tyrosine kinase? Give an example of a…

A: Proteins are synthesized from the polypeptide molecules and function in several metabolic roles.

Q: Why Signal transduction pathways differ between lipid-soluble and water-soluble messengers?

A: Hormones are molecules that are created and released by glands in the endocrine system (also known…

Q: What does the hydrolysis of GTP have to do with the actions of receptor proteins?

A: GTP (guanosine triphosphate) is an energy rich compound that is required for the action receptor…

Q: How do studies of brain development in knockout mice support the statement that apoptosis is a…

A: Apotopsis is a process of programmed cell death. It is a process in which the cell division is…

Q: Under what conditions might receptor up-regulation occur? receptor down-regulation?

A: Signaling molecules bind to the receptors present in their target cells.

Q: What is receptor activation?

A: A receptor is a molecule, most often a protein, that receives messages on behalf of a cell.…

Q: What is a signal-transduction pathway? Why are mutations in components of signal-transduction…

A: Cells are the basic structural, functional, and biological units of all living organisms. It is the…

Q: Explain , What role does phosphorylation of tyrosine residues play in the action of receptor…

A: the phosphorylation of thyrosine residues play an important role in the action of receptor proteins…

Q: Why do Receptor Tyrosine Kinases have to form a dimer?

A: Receptor tyrosine kinases are cell-surface receptors that respond to hormones. These receptors…

Q: What happens if a kinase is overactive and phosporylates the protein too much?

A: Kinase is one of the common enzyme which helps to transfer the phosphate groups from a phosphate…

Q: Define the term receptor tyrosine kinases?

A: Enzymes are the biological catalysts that catalyze the biological process and metabolic activity of…

Q: What role does phosphorylation of tyrosine residues play in the action of receptor proteins?

A: Tyrosine phosphorylation is the addition of phosphate group to the amino acid tyrosine on a protein.…

Q: What is the signal sequence and what does it signal?

A: Proteins are the organic compounds made of amino acids that are synthesized in the living cells.…

Q: What are G-protein-coupled receptors?

A: Introduction  Hormones are the chemical compounds crucial for life. Chemically they can be either…

Q: What happens when cAMP binds to the kinase?

A: cAMP is cyclic AMP ( adenosine monophosphate), cAMP used in intracellular signal transduction as…

Q: Protein kinase A activates phosphorylase kinase, which in turn activates glycogen phosphorylase.…

A: Introduction Protein kinase A (PKA) is an enzyme family whose function is determined by cellular…

Q: How does the binding of cAMP activate the kinase

A: Kinase is an enzyme that catalyses the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy,…

Q: How does a receptor “know” which signaling molecules to bind?

A: Signaling Receptors are a type of receptor that sends out signals. Receptors are ligand-binding…

Q: Why might a compound resembling ADP function as an inhibitor of a protein kinase?

A: ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is a biomolecule which is major metabolical and biological processes of…

Q: What is cAMP-dependent protein kinase?

A: In contrast to kinases that modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules, a protein kinase…

Q: What are the advantages of having an enzyme (like adenylyl cyclase) involved in the initial response…

A: The small molecules and ions that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface for…

Q: When a signal ligand binds to the extracellular portion of the RTK receptor, in the MAP kinase…

A: A receptor is a protein which binds to a specific molecule. The molecule it binds is known as the…

Q: What common features are shared by most cell signaling systems?

A: The key membrane-bound unit that contains the basic molecules of life and is composed of which all…

Q: What are the sequences of events by which the binding of a chemical messenger to a receptor causes…

A: A chemical messenger is any substance that is used to deliver a message and can include: Hormone is…

Q: What is PNS in the nervous system and how does it contribute to coordination in neural signaling?

A: Ans 1: The peripheral nervous system refers to parts of the nervous system outside the brain and…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.