Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 9.3, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction

To review:

The effect of presence of mutants on the estimation of mutation rates.

Introduction:

Mutation is a process by which the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is transformed or damaged in a way that there is an alteration in the genetic information carried by the gene. The agents that cause mutations are called mutagens. Mutation can be caused as a result of exposure to harmful chemicals or radiation. The mutation rate is defined as the number of mutations formed per cell division.

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In Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets. Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly. If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.
Recombinant protein production by a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain is proportional to cell growth. Ammonia is used as a nitrogen source for aerobic glucose respiration. The recombinant protein has the general formula CH1,55O0,31N0,25, while that of the cellular biomass is CH1,77O0,49N0,24. The biomass yield from glucose equals 0.50 g/g, while the recombinant protein yield from glucose corresponds to 20% of the cell yield from substrate.a) How much ammonia is required? What is the oxygen demand? (b) If the biomass yield remains the same, what are the ammonia and oxygen requirements for a wild-type strain of E. coli, with cell biomass of the same elemental composition, but unable to synthesize the recombinant protein? (c) On an industrial scale, cultivation takes place in a continuous fermenter at 28°C and the desired recombinant protein production rate is 7 g/h. Since the viscosity of the culture broth is considerable, the energy input due to agitation cannot be neglected.…
Production of a recombinant protein by E. coli is proportional to cell growth. Ammonia is used as a source of N and glucose as a source of C, under aerobic conditions. The recombinant protein has a general formula CH1.55N0.31O0.25 and the cell CH1.77N0.4900.24. The yield of biomass from glucose is 0.48 gcel/gglic, and the yield of recombinant protein from glucose is about 20% of that for biomass.a) How much ammonia is needed to produce 50 g of cells producing the recombinant protein?b) What is the oxygen demand in this process?c) For the cultivation of a wild E. coli not producing the recombinant protein, how different would the ammonia and oxygen demand be if the biomass yield remained at 0.48 gcel/gglyc ?
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license