Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 9.4, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The retaining of wild-type sequence from the donor by the recipient cell through the mismatch repair process.
Introduction:
Mismatch repair is a process where errors in insertion, deletion, and misincorporation in the base pairs are recognized that may have occurred during replication and recombination. It repairs the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage. It maintains cellular homeostasis as well as genomic stability. The mismatch repair mechanisms replace or remove the mismatched bases through the insertion or deletion process.
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Two pathways, homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), can repair double-strandbreaks in DNA. If homologous recombination is an errorfree pathway whereas NHEJ is not always error free, whyis NHEJ used most of the time in eukaryotes?
Why can’t a linear duplex DNA, such as that of bacteriophage T7, be fully replicated by just E. coli-encoded proteins?
Consider the ends of the DNA fragments shown below. They have been produced by digestion of a single sequence of DNA using a number of restriction endonucleases.
1.
5'A 3'
3'TTCGA5'
2.
5'G 3'
3'CAGCT5'
3.
5'AATTC3'
3' G5
4.
5'TCGAC3'
3' G5'
5.
5'GGG 3'
3'CCC 5'
Which of these ends are capable of annealing and being joined by DNA ligase?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 9.1 - Prob. 3TQCh. 9.1 - Prob. 4TQCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1TQCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2TQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1TQCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1TQ
Ch. 9 - Prob. 1RQCh. 9 - Prob. 2RQCh. 9 - Prob. 3RQCh. 9 - Prob. 4RQCh. 9 - Prob. 5RQCh. 9 - Prob. 6RQCh. 9 - Prob. 7RQCh. 9 - Prob. 8RQCh. 9 - Prob. 9RQCh. 9 - Prob. 10RQCh. 9 - Prob. 11RQCh. 9 - Prob. 12RQCh. 9 - Prob. 13RQCh. 9 - Prob. 14RQCh. 9 - Prob. 15RQCh. 9 - Prob. 16RQCh. 9 - Prob. 1TQCh. 9 - Prob. 2TQCh. 9 - Prob. 3TQCh. 9 - Prob. 4TQCh. 9 - Prob. 5TQCh. 9 - Prob. 6TQ
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- According to the double-strand break model, does gene conversionnecessarily involve DNA mismatch repair? Explain.arrow_forwardThree common ways to repair changes in DNA structure are nucleotideexcision repair, mismatch repair, and homologous recombination repair. Which of these three mechanisms would be used to fix the following types of DNA changes?A. A change in the structure of a base caused by a mutagen in anondividing eukaryotic cellB. A change in DNA sequence caused by a mistake made by DNApolymeraseC. A thymine dimer in the DNA of an actively dividing bacterial cellarrow_forwarda. Why doesn't Dpnl digest the mutagenized DNA? b.What is the approximate size, in base pairs, of the pQE.1-CRYGD plasmid?arrow_forward
- To estimate the number of cleavage sites in a particular piece of DNA with a known size, you can apply the formula N/4n where N is the number of base pairs in the target DNA and n is the number of bases in the recognition sequence of the restriction enzyme. If the recognition sequence for BamHI is GGATCC and the l phage DNA contains approximately 48,500 bp, how many cleavage sites would you expect?arrow_forwardReferring to Figure 7-20, answer the following questions:a. What is the DNA polymerase I enzyme doing?b. What other proteins are required for the DNApolymerase III on the left to continue synthesizingDNA?c. What other proteins are required for the DNApolymerase III on the right to continue synthesizingDNA?arrow_forward. Which of the following enzymes can break, and rejoin, phosphodiester bonds during the normal DNA replication process in the chromosomes of E. coli cells? single-stranded binding proteins RNA polymerase topoisomerase DNA helicase DNA ligase The mutation causing sickle-cell anemia in humans, which changes the normal T to an A in the sixth codon (substituting valine for glutamic acid), occurs in which gene of the hemoglobin family? the a-globin gene (alpha) the b-globin gene (beta) the g-globin gene (gamma) the d-globin gene (delta) the e-globin gene (epsilon) The hypermutable condition, which allows cells to “play the lottery” by lowering the fidelity of DNA replication, was first discovered in which of the following prokaryotes? Saccharomyces cerevisiae Amoeba dubia Drosophila melanogaster Homo sapiens Escherichia coliarrow_forward
- Explain why a DSB-repair homologous recombination can occur between any two DNA molecules that share homology rather than only between two DNA molecules that carry a specific sequence.arrow_forwardWhat enzymatic features of DNA polymerase prevent it from replicating one of the DNA strands at the ends of linear chromosomes? Compared with DNA polymerase, how is telomerase different in its ability to synthesize a DNA strand? What does telomerase use as its template for the synthesis of a DNA strand? How does the use of this template result in a telomere sequence that is tandemly repetitive?arrow_forwardEukaryotic cells can repair DNA through a process called homologous recombination. What type of DNA damage can be fixed through homologous recombination?arrow_forward
- Mismatches introduced during DNA replication are detected and repaired efficiently by the “Mut” system of E. coli. (A) Please outline the steps in mismatch detection and repair by this system. (B) What is the historical reason for naming these genes “Mut” in the first place? (C) How might you identify bacterial strains with defects in the “Mut” system? (D) It has been observed that recombination-deficient mutations are usually lethal when they are combined with mutations in the mismatch repair pathway you just described. Why is that?arrow_forwardFollowing formation of a double-stranded break, enzymes process the dsDNA end to form single-stranded DNA as shown in Fig. 11-4b. Does it matter if resection occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction or the 3’ to 5’ direction? Explain why or why not.arrow_forwardIn bacterial cells, nucleotide excision repair involves which of the following proteins? DNA glycosylase AP endonuclease photolyase AlkB UvrABC proteins If Meselson and Stahl had results from density gradient analysis of bacterial DNA that indicated only two bands, one of the original density and one that was the same as unlabeled DNA, and no intermediate density band, this would indicate that DNA replication is: constructive semiconservative conservative consecutive cannot determine from the information given 6.In E. coli, which DNA polymerase is primarily responsible for filling in the gaps in the DNA generated during nucleotide excision repair? DNA polymerase I DNA polymerase II DNA polymerase IV DNA polymerase V none of the abovearrow_forward
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