Essentials of Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337098120
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9.4, Problem 3LC
A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis with a regular two-tailed test using α = .05. If the researcher used a directional (one-tailed) test with the same data and the same alpha level, then what decision would be made?
a. Definitely reject the null hypothesis
b. Definitely reject the null hypothesis if the treatment effect is in the predicted direction
c. Definitely fail to reject the null hypothesis
d. Possibly reject the null hypothesis if the treatment effect is in the predicted direction
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A researcher administers a treatment to a sample from a population with a mean of m=50. If the treatment is expected to increase scores and a one-tailed test is used to evaluate the treatment effect, the the null hypothesis states that m=40. True or false?
3. A researcher is testing a two-tailed null hypothesis at the p < .01 level with df = 45. What critical value would she or he use? Justify your answer
1. A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis with a regular two-tailed test using a = .05. If the researcher used a directional (one-tailed) test with the same data and the same alpha level, then what decision would be made?
a. Definitely reject the null hypothesis (incorrect answer)
b. Definitely reject the null hypothesis if the treatment effect is in the predicted direction
c. Definitely fail to reject the null hypothesis
d. Possibly reject the null hypothesis if the treatment effect is in the predicted direction
Chapter 9 Solutions
Essentials of Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - In what circumstances is the t statistic used...Ch. 9.1 - A sample of n = 4 scores has SS = 48. What is the...Ch. 9.1 - On average, what value is expected for the t...Ch. 9.2 - A sample of n = 9 scores is selected from a...Ch. 9.2 - A hypothesis test produces a t statistic of t =...Ch. 9.2 - A sample is selected from a population and a...Ch. 9.3 - A sample of n = 25 is selected from a population...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 2LCCh. 9.3 - A sample of n = 4 scores is selected from a...Ch. 9.3 - A researcher uses a sample of n = 25 individuals...
Ch. 9.4 - A sample is selected from a population with a mean...Ch. 9.4 - A researcher predicts that a treatment will...Ch. 9.4 - A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis...Ch. 9 - Under what circumstances is a t statistic used...Ch. 9 - A sample of n = 16 scores has a mean of M = 56 and...Ch. 9 - Find the estimated standard error for the sample...Ch. 9 - The following sample of n = 4 score was obtained...Ch. 9 - The following sample was obtained from a...Ch. 9 - Explain why t distributions tend to be flatter and...Ch. 9 - Find the t values that form boundaries of the...Ch. 9 - Find the t value that forms the boundary of the...Ch. 9 - A random sample n = 12 individuals is selected...Ch. 9 - A random sample of n 4 individuals is selected...Ch. 9 - Infants, even newborns, prefer to look at...Ch. 9 - The spotlight effect refers to overestimating the...Ch. 9 - To evaluate the effect of a treatment, a sample is...Ch. 9 - To evaluate the effect of a treatment, a sample of...Ch. 9 - Weinstein, McDermott, and Roediger (2010) report...Ch. 9 - To evaluate the effect of a treatment, a sample is...Ch. 9 - To evaluate the effect of a treatment a sample of...Ch. 9 - Standardized measures seem to indicate that the...Ch. 9 - Ackerman and Goldsmith (2011) found that students...Ch. 9 - Oishi and Shigehiro (2010) report that people who...Ch. 9 - McGee and Shevlin (2009) demonstrated that an...Ch. 9 - Belsky, Weinraub, Owen, and Kelly (2001) reported...Ch. 9 - An example of the vertical-horizontal illusion is...
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- A researcher first decided to conduct a two-tailed hypothesis test, with alpha = .05, but then decided she wants to reduce the risk of a Type I error. What should she do? a. Calculate her statistics more carefully. b. Decrease alpha to .01 c. Increase alpha to .15 e. Conduct a three-tailed testarrow_forwardA researcher expects a treatment to increase the scores for individuals in a population. The treatment is evaluated using a one-tailed hypothesis test, and the test produces z = +2.40. Based on this result, which is the correct statistical decisionarrow_forwardYou complete a hypothesis test using alpha = .05 and based on the evidence from the sample, your decision is to fail to reject the null hypothesis. If the treatment actually does have an effect, which of the following is true?arrow_forward
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- If a researcher obtains a sample mean of M= 54, from a population with u = 46. With a given alpha, which combination of factors is most likely to result in rejecting the null hypothesis?arrow_forwardA Data analytics professor wants to know whether level of college education influences the grade earned by students in his course. Last semester, 400 students completed his class: 150 freshmen, 100 sophomores, 100 juniors, and 50 seniors. At end of the semester, 80 students earned an A, 148 earned a B, and 172 earned a C. The distribution of grades is shown in the following table. Do a chi-square test at alpha=0.05. What is the null hypothesis for this test? A. The letter grades of the students are significantly different. B. The letter grades of the students are dependent of the level of college education. C. The letter grades of the students are identical. D. The letter grades of the students are independent of the level of college education.arrow_forwardMethod A: M1= 54, SS1= 400, n1= 15 Method B: M2=40, SS2= 440, n2=15 Using alpha=0.05 should the null hypothesis by rejected for the above data?arrow_forward
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