(a)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean..
(b)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(c)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(d)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(e)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
(f)
Interpretation:
Absolute standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are to be determined for the given data.
Concept introduction:
The spreading out of numbers is measured by the standard deviation which is symbolized by s. The standard deviation can be calculated by taking the square root of the variance. Relative standard deviation is known as the coefficient of variation represented as cv. It is calculated in percentage. It is calculated as the ratio of standard deviation and the mean.
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Chapter A1 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
- A solution is prepared by weighing 5.0000 g of cesium iodide into a 100-mL volumetric flask. The balance used has a precision of 0.2 mg reported as a standard deviation, and the volumetric flask could be filled with a precision of 0.15mL also reported as a standard deviation. What is the estimated standard deviation of concentration (g/mL)?arrow_forwardA method for the detection of morphine is used to generate a calibration curve in which the assay response (y) is plotted versus morphine concentration (x, in mg/L). This gives a straight line with a slope (m) of 0.241 and a y-intercept (b) of 0.011, where y = mx + b. The slope of this line has a standard deviation of ±0.007, and the standard deviation of the intercept is ±0.006. If the sample from an athlete gives a response of 0.506 ± 0.013 in this method, what is the concentration of morphine in the sample and estimated precision of this concentration?arrow_forwardThe ratio of the number of atoms of the isotopes 69Ga and 71Ga in eight samples from different sources was measured in an effort to understand differences in reported values of the atomic mass of gallium: Sample 69Ga/71Ga Sample 69Ga/71Ga1 1.526 60 5 1.528 942 1.529 74 6 1.528 043 1.525 92 7 1.526 854 1.527 31 8 1.527 93 Find the (a) mean, (b) standard deviation, (c) variance, and (d) stan-dard deviation of the mean. (e) Write the mean and standard deviation together with an appropriate number of significant digitsarrow_forward
- In quality management, it is very important that you have a good background knowledge in both descriptive and inferential statistics. Since you already took up Biostatistics and Epidemiology during your Second Year, answer BRIEFLY the following questions on basic statistics: 1. Compare and contrast the three most common measures of central tendency mean, median and mode. 2. Differentiate standard deviation from coefficient of variation. 3. What is T-test?arrow_forwardAs part of an analytical chemistry laboratory course, a student measured the Ca2+ content in two water samples, city-supplied drinking water and well-supplied drinking water, using two different analytical methods, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and EDTA complexometric titration. The results of this experiment are given in the table as the mean Ca2+concentration (?¯) and standard deviation (?) in parts per million (ppm). Each sample was measured five times (n=5) by each method. Method City-Supplied Drinking Water (?¯±?x¯±s) Well-Supplied Drinking Water (?¯±?x¯±s) FAAS 57.57±0.68 ppm 64.77±0.70 ppm EDTA titration 58.32±0.96 ppm 65.62±0.97 ppm Method Comparison: For each drinking water sample (city and well), compare the Ca2+ content measured by FAAS and EDTA titration. Calculate the ? value for each sample. Do the methods produce statistically different results at the 95% confidence level when measuring the Ca2+content of the city-supplied drinking water? Do the…arrow_forwardFind the standard deviation (if the mass of KHP in three experimental solutions are 0.467,0.48, and 0.48 and the volume of NaOH IN THE exp are 22,29,24 respectively in order to the masses of KHP ) the average molarity of NaOH in each experiment = 5.30x 10^-4 + 4.137x10^-4 + 5.0x10^-4 divided by 3 = 4.81x10^-4 ).arrow_forward
- 1. Replicate analyses of the lead content in a blood sample gave the following results: 0.789, 0.781, 0.795, 0.792, and 0.784 ppm Pb. Calculate the mean, standard deviation, variance, relative standard deviation, and standard deviation of the mean of the data.arrow_forwardEstimate the absolute deviation and coefficient of variation. (The numbers in parentheses are absolute standard deviations)arrow_forwardFor the determination of iron in used jet engine oil, 30 analyzes with 3 repetitions each were made by atomic absorption method and the standard deviation was found s=2.4 µg Fe/mL. Since this standard deviation value is close to the ϭ value, the iron concentration of 18.5 µg Fe/mL(a) by a single analysis,(b) as the average of the two analyzes,(c) Calculate the 80% and 95% confidence intervals if found as the mean of four analyses.arrow_forward
- You are developing a procedure for determining traces of copper materials using a wet digestion followed by measurement by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In order to test the validity of the method, you obtain an NIST orchard leaves standard reference material and analyze this material. Five replicas are sampled and analyzed, and the mean results are found to be 10.8 ppm with a standard deviation of plus or minus 0.7. ppm. The listed value for the standard reference is 11.7 ppm. Does your method give a statistically correct value at the 95% confidence level?arrow_forwardA quantitative analysis for an analyte gives a mean concentration of 12.6 ppm. The standard deviation due to the method, sm, is found to be 1.1 ppm, and that due to sampling, ss, is 2.1 ppm. By how much does the overall variance change if sm is improved by 10% and ss is improved by 15%?arrow_forwardThe pH of water samples taken from Iligan Bay was determined. Calculate the pooled estimate of the standard deviation for the analysis, based from the following columns of data: Site No. of Samples measured pH Mean pH Sum of Squares of Deviation from the Mean 1 4 8.02, 8.09, 7.95, 7.98 8.01 0.0110 2 3 7.50, 7.65, 7.49 7.55 0.0161 3 3 8.25, 8.29, 8.20 8.25 0.0041arrow_forward
- Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning