Concept explainers
Concept introduction:
Debt securities:
Debt securities are financing instrument which represents the loan taken from the creditor and usually these securities pay defined interest rate on the amount borrowed. The several types of debt instruments are bonds, certificate of deposits,
Equity securities:
Equity securities are financing instrument issued by a company representing the share in the capital financed by the investor. These securities gives right of ownership in the share capital of the company. Equity share holders are paid dividend and share the
Short-term investments:
Short-term investments are investments which are hold for a period of one year or less and which are easily convertible into cash.
Long-term investments:
Long-term investments are investments which are to be hold for a period of more than one year which are not easily convertible into cash in short term.
To choose:
The reason why business purchases securities.
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Cornerstones of Financial Accounting
- Which of the following statements is false? A. Internal controls are the processes by which the firm ensures that it presents accurate financial statements. B. Greenfield investments provide uncertain cash flows with high yields and high growth potential. C. Footnotes allow investors or any users to improve their assessments of the amount, timing, and uncertainty of the estimates reported in financial statements. D. Secondary markets are the markets in which existing, already outstanding securities are traded among investors.arrow_forwardOne of the basic promises of security analysis, and in particular fundamental analysis is that A- a stock's price is based on the cash flows it has generated in the past B- market sectors and industries do not move in concert with business cycle C- all securities have an intrinsic value that their market value will approach over time D- a security's risk has relatively litthe effect on the security's returnarrow_forwardInterest rate risk is of concern to a firm's financial officer, because (Select the best choice below.) A. it is more difficult to issue securities when interest rates are low. B. changes in interest rates affect the expected return of financial instruments. C. federal government taxation increases as interest rates rise, reducing the cash available to the firm. D. inflationary periods may reduce the real earnings of the firm. E. B and Darrow_forward
- Which of the following types of financial risk can be effectively managed by holding a lot of short-term deposits on the balance sheet that are used to finance long-term assets of the business such as mortgage loans/credits to allow the business to make profits? Select one: a. Interest Rate Risk b. Liquidity Risk c. Market Risk d. Foreign Exchange Riskarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are TRUE about investing in securities on margin? I. Investors short sell when they are bearish. II. Losses are limited when short-selling. III. Losses are limited when buying on margin. IV. Dividend payments constitute a cash inflow for the short-seller.arrow_forwardQUESTION Hedging is a risk management strategy that is used in limiting or offsetting probability of loss from fluctuations in the prices of commodities, currencies, or securities. In effect, hedging is a transfer of risk without buying insurance policies. REQUIRED: Discuss the importance of hedging to the financial risk manager Are there any downside to hedging?arrow_forward
- What is the best ways or strategies for a company to hedge the funds in order to eliminate the risk or lose profit?arrow_forwardIf ABC Bank’s ALCO targets the market value of shareholders’ equity in its interest rate risk management, is the bank positioned to gain or lose if interest rates fall? If interest rates rise by 1% for all assets and liabilities, what is the approximate expected change in the bank’s economic value of equity? Provide a specific transaction that the bank could implement in order to immunize its interest rate risk exposure.arrow_forwardInvestment Banks operate and earn profits by: a) Purchasing undervalued securities on the market b) Creating and marketing new financial securities for issuers. c) Underwriting existing security issues, and selling them at a discount. d) Issuing stocks and bonds based on their own credit. e) Purchasing and reselling existing undervalued stocks and bonds. f) None of the other answers.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is correct? Transactions within the spot market can be used to mitigate and hedge risk. In an efficient market, it is not possible that a stock of the firm has a price equal to its intrinsic value. Index funds are funds that reflect the performance of a specific index An example of an indirect transfer of capital through investment banks is when an investor buys a unit of a fund from a bank that is invested in various financial assets such as bonds and stocks of other companies.arrow_forwardWhich risk ratios best answer each of the following financial questions? a. How quickly is a company able to collect its receivables? b. How quickly is a company able to sell its inventory? c. Is the company able to make interest payments as they become due?arrow_forwardHow should a bank structure its liquid assets portfolio to take advantage of falling interest rates ? a. The bank should invest in short-term securities to minimise capital loss b. The bank should invest in long term securities to maximise capital gains. c. The bank should borrow at fixed interest rates d. The bank should issue certificate deposits with fixed interest rates. e. The bank should hold cash to maximise its interest income. Which option is correctarrow_forward
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