Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach1st EditionThomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster Publisher: W. W. Norton & CompanyISBN: 9780393124200
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
Solutions for Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - Matter And Energy: An Atomic PerspectiveChapter 2 - Atoms, Ions And Molecules: The Building Blocks Of MatterChapter 3 - Atomic Structure: Explaining The Properties Of ElementsChapter 4 - Chemical Bonding: Understand Climate ChangeChapter 5 - Bonding Theories: Explaining Molecular GeometryChapter 6 - Intermolecular Forces: Attractions Between ParticlesChapter 7 - Stoichometry: Mass Relationships And Chemical ReactionsChapter 8 - Aqueous Solutions: Chemistry Of The HydrosphereChapter 9 - Thermochemistry: Energy Changes In Chemical ReactionsChapter 10 - Properties Of Gases: The Air We Breathe
Chapter 11 - Properties Of Solutions: Their Concentrations And Colligative PropertiesChapter 12 - Thermodynamics: Why Chemical Reactions HappenChapter 13 - Chemical Kinetics: Clearing The AirChapter 14 - Chemical Equilibrium: Equal But Opposite Reaction RatesChapter 15 - Acid-base Equilibria: Chemistry Of The Water WorldChapter 16 - Coordination Compunds: The Colurful Chemistry Of MetalsChapter 17 - Electrochemistry: The Quest For Clean EnergyChapter 18 - The Solid State: A Particulate ViewChapter 19 - Organic Chemistry: Fuels, Pharmaceuticals, And Modern MaterialsChapter 20 - Biochemistry: The Compounds Of LifeChapter 21 - Nuclear Chemistry: The Risks And Benefits
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
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An element consists of only one type of atoms. A compound consists of two or more types of elements...Formula: We have formula for mean as follows; X =∑i(Xi)1N We are given the three widths of copper...Here we will check the mole ratio between sodium and chlorine (chloride ions). The molar mass of Na...Chapter 2, Problem 2.1VPAvogadro’s number is equal to 6.022*1023 atoms or molecules. 1 mole = 6.022*1023 molecules. a) CH4 –...Calculations: A mole is the SI unit of amount chemical substance. When writing units, it is written...Calculations: a) 0.125 mol of FeTiO3 In one molecule of FeTiO3, there is one atom of Ti. Therefore,...Calculations: a) 2.5 moles of FeWO4 In one molecule of FeWO4, there is one atom of Fe. Therefore, we...a. The molar mass of C12H22O11 is the sum of the masses of 12 moles of carbon atoms, 22 moles of...
Concept: The problem is based on mole concept. Here, we have to calculate the number of particles in...Concept: The volume of two cubes made up of Uranium and Carbon are same. Only these two elements...Formula and concept: If we take one mole of any element, we can get its mass from its molar mass....For the balanced nuclear reaction, the sum of charges, i.e., atomic numbers (subscript) and mass...For the balanced nuclear reaction, the sum of charges, i.e., atomic numbers (subscript) and mass...1) Concept: To write the nuclear equations based on successful attempt to synthesize supermassive...1) Formula: i. ν=Cλ ii. 1λ= 1.097× 107 m-1 [ 1nf2-1ni2] 2) Concept: Frequency, wavelength and energy...1) Concept: Wavelength and frequency are related each other by speed of light. Speed of light is the...1) Concept: We have to use the formula of work function relating kinetic energy. We have given...1) Concept: According to De Broglie, All material particles in motion possess wave characteristics....1) Concept: Each orbital can contain a maximum of 2 electrons. The number of orbitals for a given...1) Concept: Each orbital can contain a maximum of 2 electrons. The number of orbitals for a given...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the energy associated with electron transactions. We need to...1) Concept: Using the formula below, we can calculate the lattice energy. Here, Q1 and Q2 are...1) Concept : A Formal charge (FC) is not a real charge to calculate the charge of an individual atom...1) Formula: The formal charge on an atom in a molecule is calculated using the following formula....1) Concept: Each molecule contains two Nitrogen and one oxygen has an overall charge zero. Nitrogen...The electronic configuration of the elements H, C N and O is as follows. H: 1s1. C: 1s2 2s2 2p2. N:...We are drawing Lewis structure of all species. The number of valence electrons are distributed in...The number of valence electrons are distributed in such a way that octet of most electronegative...The ground state electronic configuration of N is 1s2 2s2 2p3. Element Valence electrons Symbol # of...Concept: By convention, a ball-and-stick model shows carbon as a black ball, hydrogen as a white...a) SCN-: i. The Lewis structure: The total number of valence electrons in a molecule of SCN- is 16....The Molecular orbital diagram of N2+, O2+, C2+, and Br22- are below 1) Bond order of N2+ :...Molecular orbital diagrams of He2, He2+, Ne2 and Ne2+ are shown below: A) Comparison of He2 and...Bond order and bond length are inversely proportional to each other. When bond order increases the...Bond order and bond length are inversely proportional to each other. When bond order increases the...Formula: Bond order=12[bonding electrons-antibonding electrons] Concept: MO diagram for valence...We are given four constitutional isomers of heptane (C7H16). None of the four isomers of heptane is...Empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of the elements in a compound....1) Formula: Percent composition is the percent by mass of an element in a compound: Percent...The first step involves writing a reaction expression with single molecule or formula unit of the...First, we write the complete and balanced chemical equation describing complete combustion....First, we write the complete and balanced chemical equation describing complete combustion....1) Concept: We are asked to calculate the percent composition of the given four compounds. The...1) Concept: We have to find the percent composition compound of the given compounds. The chemical...1) Concept: a) We are given mass of coal and the percentage of S present in it. So first we have to...a) To find amount of chalcopyrite that had to be mined to produce one dollar’s worth of these...1) Concept: The overall process describes the extraction of gold from the rock using NaAuCN2 The...1) Concept: Roasting of UOxNO3yH2Oz at 400℃ leads to loss of water molecule to form anhydrous...A solution containing three binary acids (HX).One of them is a weak acid and the other two are...1) Concept To determine the concentration of ions present in the molecules, we need to use the moles...1) Concept To determine the mass of the solute needed to prepare a solution, we need to calculate...Explanation:1) Concept:Steps for writing a net ionic equation: i) Write down the complete balanced...Explanation:1) Concept: Using the chemical formula of the compounds given in each reaction, we can...To balance the chemical reactions, we use the law of conservation of matter. According to the law of...1) Concept: We are asked to assign oxidation numbers to each element in the given reactions. We will...1) Concept: To balance a redox reaction, first we have to assign oxidation numbers to each of the...1) Concept: The following steps are followed to balance a redox reaction in a basic medium: i)...1) Concept: The following steps are followed to balance a redox reaction in a basic medium: i)...We are asked to assign oxidation numbers to all the elements in the given balanced equation....1) Concept: For balancing redox reactions, first, the change in oxidation numbers (∆O.N.) is...1) Concept: The net ionic equation is derived from the total ionic equation. The total ionic...1) Concept: Redox reactions involve loss and gain of electrons between the atoms, i.e., oxidation...During the compression stroke of a diesel engine, the upward motion of the piston squeezes the gases...1) Concept: To calculate the value of ∆Hrxno of the overall reaction, we can use Hess’s law. We can...1) Concept: To calculate the value of ∆Hrxno of the overall reaction, we can use Hess’s law. We can...1) Concept: To calculate the value of ∆Hrxno of the overall reaction, we can use Hess’s law. We can...1) Concept: For chemical reactions occurring in gas phase, the impact of intermolecular forces on...1) Concept: Bond energy is the amount of energy required when one mole of bonds in the gas phase is...1) Concept: Bond energy is the amount of energy required when one mole of bonds in the gas phase is...1) Concept: We know the concentrations, volumes, densities, and initial and final temperatures of...1) Concept: Heat of combustion: The amount of energy released in the form of heat when the compound...1) Concept: We can manipulate the three equations algebraically for which ∆Hrxno values are known so...1) Concept: The question is based on Hess’s law. Hess’s law states that the enthalpy of reaction...Explanation: 1) Concept: Law of Dulong and Petit states that “the product of the atomic mass of a...1) Concept: We are given ∆Hcomb0 values for the two reactions and asked to find the ∆H°comb for the...1) Given: Images showing distribution of gas molecules in balloons. 2) Calculation: Gases expand to...1) Concept: To calculate the mass of the gold brick, we use the length of cube and its volume. We...1) Concept: To find the change in the volume of gas, we have to apply the combined gas law. 2)...1) Concept: To find the change in the pressure of a gas, we have to apply the combined gas law for...1) Concept: We are given the volume of the sample at different temperature at constant pressure 1...1) Concept: We are given the density of the air, the four gases, the temperature, and the pressure....1) Concept: According to ideal gas law, pressure is directly proportional to number of moles of gas....1) Concept: We are asked to find the partial pressure of CO gas in the reaction mixture. We need to...1) Concept: Henry’s law states that, the solubility of any gas in a liquid is directly proportional...1) Concept: To calculate the root-mean-square speed of CO2 molecules, we will use the kinetic energy...1) Concept: Graham’s law of diffusion states that the diffusion rate of a gas is inversely...1) Concept: We are given two acids and three amines. We calculate molar mass of each acid and amine....1) Concept: The moles of NO3- can be calculated using its molar mass. The moles of N2and CO2 gases...Explanation: 1) Concept: a. The given two decomposition reactions at two different temperatures...1) Concept: The volume of the bag is calculated using its dimensions. Using the ideal gas law, the...Generally the substance that is present in larger amount is called solvent, and solute is any...Molality of the solution is moles of solute divided by the mass of solvent in kg. molality= mol of...1. Formulae: i. Density= MassVolume ii. Molality= mol of solutemass of solvent in kg A mole is the...1) Concept: Here we assume 1 kg of river water. With the mass of river water and given...1. Concept: Using boiling point of elevation we can find out the boiling point of the aqueous...1) Concept Freezing point depression is a colligative property, so it does not depend on the...1. Concept: We need moles of eugenol to find the molar mass. Therefore, we are using boiling point...1) Concept: 2) Given: i) Mass of caffeine solution = 150 mg ii) Solvent used =10.0 g camphor = 0.01...1. Concept: NaCl→Na++Cl- NaCl will dissociate into two ion as per the above equation, so the value...Tire which is on the right side containing blue gas has more number of particles as compared to the...1) Concept: ∆Srxno(Entropy change for the reaction) can be calculated from the difference between...1) Concept: ∆Srxno(entropy change for the reaction) can be calculated from the difference between...To know if a reaction is spontaneous, we need to find out ∆Hrxno, ∆Srxno and ∆Grxno. a) 2 NOg+O2(g)...1) Concept: We have been asked to calculate the ∆Go at 298 K by using appendix 4. We can calculate...1) Concept: We can use the concept second law of thermodynamics and use the expressions of standard...1) Formula: ∆Grxn0=∑nproducts×∆Gf,products0-∑nreactants×∆Gf,reactants0 2) Concept: Using standard...1) Formula: i. ∆Grxn0=∆Hrxn0-T∆Srxn0 ii. ∆Hrxn0=∑nproducts×∆Hf,products0-∑nreactants×∆Hf,reactants0...1) Formula: i. ∆Grxn0=∆Hrxn0-T∆Srxn0 ii. ∆Hrxn0=∑nproducts×∆Hf,products0-∑nreactants×∆Hf,reactants0...1) Concept: The concentration of a reactant reduces with time as more and more of it reacts to...1) Concept: i. Rate law: Rate of reaction is proportional to some power of the change in...1) Concept: Rate law is the equation, which determines the relation between the rate of reaction and...NOg+Br2g→NOBr2g Consider the Initial rate law for the given reaction. Rate 1=kNOn[Br2] m where k is...1) Concept: There are two methods to determine the order of the reaction. 1. Graphical method - Plot...1) Concept: In the first order reaction, the rate nearly depends on only one reactant, so it is...1) Concept: In first order reaction, the rate nearly depends on only one reactant, so it is possible...1) Concept: The overall reaction for any given mechanism can be written by adding the two reactions...1) Concept: We need to focus on the mechanism of the reaction. Elementary step 1 involves reversible...1) Concept: We are calculating the rate law for slow step for each given mechanism. If it is the...1) Concept: From the given reaction, we will check, how the rate of reaction depends on...1) Concept: We have the order of reaction with respect to ammonia and nitrous acid. From this,write...1) Concept: The given process is second order in peroxyacetyl nitrate, so write rate law for the...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the rate law and rate constant for the initial reaction rate...1) Concept: We can write the rate law for the reaction as rate=kO3x[C2H4]y, where x and y are the...The twographs represent the energy profile diagram for the two reactions. Reactant molecules must...1) Concept: The equilibrium constant for a reaction is usually written as the ratio of...1) Concept: The equilibrium constant expresses the relation between the amount of product and...1) Concept: We need to draw the RICE table for the given reaction and initial partial pressure....1) Concept: We are using the above formula to solve this question. The values from the RICE table...1) Concept: We need to draw RICE table for the given reaction and initial partial pressure. Then, we...1) Concept: Here we are using equilibrium constant expression of partial pressure given below using...1) Concept The system initially contains no product. This means that the reaction quotient Qc is...a) To calculate the value of ∆Hrxn0: 1) Formula and concept: We know the formula to calculate ∆Hrxn0...a) To calculate the value of KP for this reaction at 298 K: 1. Formula and concept: We know the...1. Concept: We are asked to calculate Kp from the two ∆G0 values.We can use the relation between ∆G0...1) Concept Given the percentage of decomposition of CO2 at different temperatures and partial...1) Concept: Equilibrium constant expression for KP is the ratio of the equilibrium partial pressures...1) Concept and formulas: In case of weak acids, the dissociation in aqueous solution is a reversible...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the Ka value for lactic acid from known initial concentration...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the Ka value for the butanoic acid (C3H7COO-H) from known...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the Ka value of an unknown acid and its degree of ionization...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the Ka value for the nitric acid from known initial...1) Concept: We can calculate Kb using its pKb. Using the RICE table and Kb expression for reaction,...1) Concept: We are asked to determine pH of a weak diprotic acid. There are two ionizable H atoms in...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the pH of 1.25×10-2 M of ephedrine hydrochloride. It...1) Concept: The known concentration and volume of a weak acid and molarity of a strong base (NaOH)...1) Concept: We can calculate the initial moles of trimethylamine using the given molarity and...1) Concept: We are asked to find concentrations of carbonate (CO32-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions in...1) Concept: We are asked to find the volumes of HCl that are required to neutralize NaHCO3 and...1) Concept: We are asked to find the color of red cabbage juice at equivalence point when a weak...1) Concept: The number of equivalence points depends on the number of protons that can dissociate...1) Concept: The cation, which requires a smaller concentration of the added solution to begin...Aqueous HCl reacts with the given bases to form a salt and carbonic acid or water. Only the aqueous...Based on the information given in Problem 23.19, the formulas of the platinum(IV) coordination...1) Concept: After addition of the NH3 solution into Ni(NO3)2 solution there would be the formation...1) Concept: After addition of ethylenediamine solution into Cu(NO3)2 solution there would be the...1) Concept: After addition of NH3 and ethylenediamine solutions into Co(NO3)2 solution, there would...1) Concept: To determine the pH of the solutions of a variety of metal ions, we will find that these...1) Concept: To determine the pH of the solutions of a variety of metal ions, we will find that these...1) Concept: To determine the pH of the solutions of a variety of metal ions, we will find that these...1) Concept: To determine the pH of the solutions of a variety of metal ions we will find that these...1) Given: i) NaOH=0.50 M ii) KFeSO42=0.25 M 2) Calculation: KFeSO42 is a double salt that can...The two electrolytes, in a cell, are generally kept separate to avoid their mixing. If the two...1) Concept: In a voltaic cell, anode is the electrode at which oxidation takes place while cathode...1) Concept: We are asked to write and balance the cell reaction from the given pair. Values of...1) Concept: We are asked to write and balance the cell reaction from the given pair. Values of...1) Concept: We are asked to calculate the value of ∆G0 and Ecell0 for the given two reactions using...1) Concept: We are asked to calculate the value of ∆G0 and Ecell0 for the given two reactions using...1) Concept: To calculate the value of ∆G0 and Ecell0 for the given two reactions, we can use the...1) Concept: To calculate the value of ∆G0 and Ecell0 for the two given reactions, we can use the...1) Concept: To assign the oxidation number of carbon and hydrogen in the reactant and product sides,...1) Concept: We are given a redox reaction and asked to find the oxidation numbers for each elements...1) Concept: We are asked to write the net ionic equation for the redox reaction between Ag2S and Al...A crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents are arranged in a highly ordered...1) Concept: To find the wavelength corresponding to the visible regions, we need to use the Eg...1) Concept: To find the wavelength corresponding to band gaps for semiconducting phosphides, we need...1) Concept: For each type of unit cell, we can determine the number of atoms in the unit cell and...1) Concept: For each type of unit cell, we can determine the number of atoms in the unit cell and...1) Concept: a) Unit cell of ReO3: It consists of a cube with rhenium atoms at corners and an oxygen...1) Concept: a) CsCl has bcc unit cell crystal structure. Using the relation between radius and edge...1) Concept: The reaction is balanced by taking an inventory of the atoms on both sides of the...1) Concept: The reaction is balanced by taking an inventory of the atoms on both sides of the...1) Concept: We are asked to calculate the packing efficiency of pure silicon. Silicon crystallizes...1) Concept: The molecules of Buckminster fullerene form a cubic closet-packing array, which means...1) Concept: The unit cell of the iron is given as bcc unit cell. The edge length can be calculated...1) Concept: The CsCl has the cubic unit cell where the chloride ions sit in the corners of the...a) Substitutional alloys may form when the difference in atomic radii between the alloying elements...A molecule with one C=C is described as having one degree of unsaturation. A molecule with one...1) Concept: We can calculate the ∆Hrxn from the difference between the standard molar enthalpies of...1) Concept: We can calculate the ∆Hrxn from the difference between the standard molar enthalpies of...1) Concept: We can calculate the ∆Hrxn from the difference between the standard molar enthalpies of...1) Concept: To calculate the fuel value of the compound, we need to use heat of combustion of fuel...1) Concept: Fuel value is the quantity of energy released during the complete combustion of one gram...1) Concept: To calculate the standard enthalpy of the reaction, we need to use the heat of formation...1) Concept: We can calculate moles of weak base present and the moles of H+ ions added from their...1) Concept: To calculate the fuel value of the compound, we need to use the heat of combustion of...1) Concept: To calculate the fuel value of the compound, we need to use the heat of combustion of...1) Concept: To calculate the fuel value of the compound, we need to use the heat of combustion of...1) Concept: To calculate the fuel value of a compound, we need to use heat of combustion of fuel and...1) Concept: We are asked to calculate the fuel value for liquid formamide and methyl formate. The...1) Concept: We are given two balanced reactions of methanogenic bacteria and asked to find the...1) Concept: We are given two balanced reactions of methanogenic bacteria and asked to find the...In the whole process of transformation of Α- glucose to Β- glucose, the conformation changes from a...1) Concept: The change in the free energy of the reaction is calculated from the standard molar free...Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP1) Concept: The reactions of formation of silicon isotope are given, and we are asked to find the...1) Concept: The reaction of formation of the sulfur isotope is given, and we are asked to find the...1) Concept: In the given reactions, the nuclide captures neutrons, and new nuclides are produced....a) The average atomic mass of Sr is 87.62. This means that the mass number is greater than the...1) Concept: The radioactivity is related to the number of atoms decaying by the relation A=kN; where...1) Concept: The half-life of C 14 is taken from the Table 21.2. Using the half-life, we get the...1) Concept: From the half-life of nuclear decay, and the ratio of isotopes, we can calculate the...Og has atomic number 118; Α particles are helium-4 nuclei. We can combine the element symbols and...1) Concept: We are using the first order radioactive decay equation to find the ratio Nt/N0 for each...
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CHEMISTRY: ATOMS-FOCUSED - ACCESS CODE
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CHEMISTRY:ATOMS-FOCUSED...(LL)-W/ACCESS
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CHEMISTRY:ATOMS-FOCUSED APPR.(CL)-TEXT
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CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS - SMARTWORK ACCESS
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Chemistry: An Atoms-focused Approach (third Edition)
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SMARTWORKS FOR CHEMISTRY: ATOMS FOCUSED
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Chemistry: The Science in Context, Folder
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EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS-FOCUSED APPROAC
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CHEMISTRY:ATOMS...W/ACCESS-PACKAGE
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CHEM:ATOM FOC 2E CL (TEXT)
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CHEMISTRY:ATOMS-FOCUSED APPROACH (LL)
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CHEMISTRY ATOM FOCUSED EBK W/ A.C. >I<
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Chemistry An Atoms-focused Approach, 2nd Edition, Kent State University With Key Code
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CHEMISTRY:ATOMS-FOCUSED..-ACCESS
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Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
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Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
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CHEM.ATOMS-FOCUSED EBOOK/SMARKWORK5
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Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
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Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
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Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
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Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
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