Solutions for Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Problem 1E:
What is a spontaneous reaction?Problem 2E:
What is a nonspontaneous reaction?Problem 3E:
Indicate whether the following processes are spontaneous or nonspontaneous. (a) Liquid water...Problem 4E:
A helium-filled balloon spontaneously deflates overnight as He atoms diffuse through the wall of the...Problem 5E:
Many plastic materials are organic polymers that contain carbon and hydrogen. The oxidation of these...Problem 6E:
In Figure 16.8 all possible distributions and microstates are shown for four different particles...Problem 7E:
In Figure 16.8 all of the possible distributions and microstates are shown for four different...Problem 8E:
How does the process described in the previous item relate to the system shown in Figure 16.4?Problem 9E:
Consider a system similar to the one in Figure 16.8, except that it contains six particles instead...Problem 10E:
Consider the system shown in Figure 16.9. What is the change in entropy for the process where the...Problem 11E:
Consider the system shown in Figure 16.9. What is the change in entropy for the process where the...Problem 12E:
Arrange the following sets of systems in order of increasing entropy. Assume one mole of each...Problem 13E:
At room temperature, the entropy of the halogens increases from I2 to Br2 to Cl2. Explain.Problem 14E:
Consider two processes: sublimation of I2(s) and melting of I2(s) (Note: the latter process can...Problem 15E:
Indicate which substance in the given pairs has the higher entropy value. Explain your choices.. (a)...Problem 16E:
Predict the sign of the entropy change for the following processes.. (a) An ice cube is warmed to...Problem 17E:
Predict the sign of the entropy change for the following processes. Give a reason for your...Problem 18E:
Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of methane, CH4(g), to give carbon dioxide...Problem 19E:
Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of benzene, C6H6(l), to give carbon dioxide...Problem 21E:
Calculate S298 for the following changes. (a) SnCl4(l)SnCl4(g) (b) CS2(g)CS2(l) (c) Cu(s)Cu(g) (d)...Problem 22E:
Determine the entropy change for the combustion of liquid ethanol, C2H5OH, under the standard...Problem 23E:
Determine the entropy change for the combustion of gaseous propane, C3H8, under the standard...Problem 24E:
Thermite reactions have been used for welding metal parts such as railway rails and in metal...Problem 25E:
Using the relevant S 298 values listed in Appendix G, calculate S 298 for the following changes: (a)...Problem 26E:
From the following information, determine S298 for the following: N(g)+O(g)NO(g) S298=?...Problem 27E:
By calculating Suniv, at each temperature, determine if the melting of 1 mole of NaCl(s) is...Problem 28E:
Use the standard entropy data in Appendix G to determine the change in entropy for each of the...Problem 29E:
Use the standard entropy data in Appendix G to determine the change in entropy for each of the...Problem 31E:
A reaction has H298=100 kj/mol and S298=250 J/mol K. Is the reaction spontaneous at room...Problem 32E:
Explain what happens as a reaction starts with G0 (negative) and reaches the point where G=0.Problem 33E:
Use the standard free energy of formation data in Appendix G to determine the free energy change for...Problem 34E:
Use the standard free energy data in Appendix G to determine the free energy change for each of the...Problem 36E:
Is the formation of ozone (O3(g)) from oxygen (O2(g)) spontaneous at room temperature under standard...Problem 37E:
Consider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions.....Problem 38E:
Among other things, an ideal fuel for the control thrusters of a space vehicle should decompose in a...Problem 39E:
Calculate G for each of the following reactions from the equilibrium constant at the temperature...Problem 40E:
Calculate G for each of the following reactions from the equilibrium constant at the temperature...Problem 41E:
Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 C for each of the following reactions from the value G ...Problem 42E:
Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 C for each of the following reactions from the value G ...Problem 43E:
Calculate the equilibrium constant temperature given. (a) O2(g)+2F2(g)2F2O(g)(T=100C) (b)...Problem 44E:
Calculate the equilibrium constant temperature given. (a) I2(s)+Cl2(g)2ICl(g)(T=100C) (b)...Problem 45E:
Consider the following reaction at 298 K: N2O4(g)2NO2(g)KP=0.142 What is the standard free energy...Problem 46E:
Determine the normal boiling point (in kelvin) of dichloroethane, CH2Cl2. Find the actual boiling...Problem 48E:
At mom temperature, the equilibrium constant (Kw) for the self-ionization of water is 1.001014....Problem 49E:
Hydrogen sulfide is a pollutant found in natural gas. Following its removal, it is convened to...Problem 50E:
Consider the decomposition of CaCO3(s) into CaO(s) and Co2(g). What is the equilibrium partial...Problem 51E:
In the laboratory, hydrogen chloride (HCl(g)) and ammonia (NH3(g)) often escape from bottles of...Problem 52E:
Benzene can be prepared from acetylene. 3C2H2(g)C6H6(g). Determine the equilibrium constant at 25 C...Problem 53E:
Carbon dioxide decomposes into CO and O2 at elevated temperatures. What is the equilibrium partial...Problem 54E:
Carbon tetrachloride, an important industrial solvent, is prepared by the chlorination of methane at...Problem 55E:
Acetic acid, CH3CO2H, can form a dimer, (CH3CO2H)2, in the gas phase.. 2CH3CO2H(g)(CH3CO2H)2(g) The...Problem 57E:
Determine G for the following reactions. (a) Antimony pentachloride decomposes at 448 C. The...Problem 58E:
Given that the Gf for Pb2+(aq) and Cl-(aq) is -24.3 kJ/mole and -131.2 kJ/mole respectively,...Problem 59E:
Determine the standard free energy change, Gf, for the formation of S2-(aq) given that the Gf for....Problem 60E:
Determine the standard enthalpy change, entropy change, and free energy change for the conversion of...Problem 61E:
The evaporation of one mole of water at 298 K has a standard free allergy change of 8.58 kJ....Problem 62E:
In glycolysis, the reaction of glucose (Glu) to form glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) requires ATP to be...Problem 63E:
One of the important reactions in the biochemical pathway glycolysis is the reaction of...Problem 64E:
Without doing a numerical calculation, determine which of the following will reduce the free energy...Problem 65E:
When ammonium chloride is added to water and stirred, it dissolves spontaneously and the resulting...Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - Essential IdeasChapter 2 - Atoms, Molecules, And IonsChapter 3 - Composition Of Substances And SolutionsChapter 4 - Stoichiometry Of Chemical ReactionsChapter 5 - ThermochemistryChapter 6 - Electronic Structure And Periodic Properties Of ElementsChapter 7 - Chemical Bonding And Molecular GeometryChapter 8 - Advanced Theories Of Covalent BondingChapter 9 - GasesChapter 10 - Liquids And Solids
Chapter 11 - Solutions And ColloidsChapter 12 - KineticsChapter 13 - Fundamental Equilibrium ConceptsChapter 14 - Acid-base EquilibriaChapter 15 - Equilibria Of Other Reaction ClassesChapter 16 - ThermodynamicsChapter 17 - ElectrochemistryChapter 18 - Representative Metals, Metalloids, And NonmetalsChapter 19 - Transition Metals And Coordination ChemistryChapter 20 - Organic ChemistryChapter 21 - Nuclear Chemistry
Book Details
Chemistry is designed for the two-semester general chemistry course. For many students, this course provides the foundation to a career in chemistry, while for others, this may be their only college-level science course. As such, this textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. The text has been developed to meet the scope and sequence of most general chemistry courses. At the same time, the book includes a number of innovative features designed to enhance student learning. A strength of Chemistry is that instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. This is a full-color textbook.
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ISBN: 9781947172623
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