CHEMISTRY:ATOMS-FOCUSED..-ACCESS - 2nd Edition - by Gilbert - ISBN 9780393615319

CHEMISTRY:ATOMS-FOCUSED..-ACCESS
2nd Edition
Gilbert
Publisher: NORTON
ISBN: 9780393615319

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Calculations: A mole is the SI unit of amount chemical substance. When writing units, it is written...a. The molar mass of C12H22O11 is the sum of the masses of 12 moles of carbon atoms, 22 moles of...Concept: The problem is based on mole concept. Here, we have to calculate the number of particles in...Concept: The volume of two cubes made up of Uranium and Carbon are same. Only these two elements...Formula and concept: If we take one mole of any element, we can get its mass from its molar mass....Formula and concept: The problem can be solved using a series of unit conversions. A mole is the SI...a) • The electron configuration of the element highlighted in purple is (Na) is [Ne] 3s1. It has a...1) Formula: i. ν=Cλ ii. 1λ= 1.097× 107 m-1 [ 1nf2-1ni2] 2) Concept: Frequency, wavelength and energy...1) Concept: Wavelength and frequency are related each other by speed of light. Speed of light is the...1) Concept: We have to use the formula of work function relating kinetic energy. We have given...1) Concept: According to De Broglie, All material particles in motion possess wave characteristics....1) Concept: Each orbital can contain a maximum of 2 electrons. The number of orbitals for a given...1) Concept: Each orbital can contain a maximum of 2 electrons. The number of orbitals for a given...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the energy associated with electron transactions. We need to...The electron configuration of Aluminium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1. Aluminium is a group III element,...1) Concept: Using the formula below, we can calculate the lattice energy. Here, Q1 and Q2 are...1) Concept : A Formal charge (FC) is not a real charge to calculate the charge of an individual atom...1) Formula: The formal charge on an atom in a molecule is calculated using the following formula....1) Concept: Each molecule contains two Nitrogen and one oxygen has an overall charge zero. Nitrogen...The electronic configuration of the elements H, C N and O is as follows. H: 1s1. C: 1s2 2s2 2p2. N:...We are drawing Lewis structure of all species. The number of valence electrons are distributed in...The number of valence electrons are distributed in such a way that octet of most electronegative...The ground state electronic configuration of N is 1s2 2s2 2p3. Element Valence electrons Symbol # of...Concept: By convention, a ball-and-stick model shows carbon as a black ball, hydrogen as a white...a) SCN-: i. The Lewis structure: The total number of valence electrons in a molecule of SCN- is 16....The Molecular orbital diagram of N2+, O2+, C2+, and Br22- are below 1) Bond order of N2+ :...Molecular orbital diagrams of He2, He2+, Ne2 and Ne2+ are shown below: A) Comparison of He2 and...Bond order and bond length are inversely proportional to each other. When bond order increases the...Bond order and bond length are inversely proportional to each other. When bond order increases the...Formula: Bond order=12[bonding electrons-antibonding electrons] Concept: MO diagram for valence...We are given four constitutional isomers of heptane (C7H16). None of the four isomers of heptane is...Empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of the elements in a compound....1) Formula: Percent composition is the percent by mass of an element in a compound: Percent...The first step involves writing a reaction expression with single molecule or formula unit of the...First, we write the complete and balanced chemical equation describing complete combustion....First, we write the complete and balanced chemical equation describing complete combustion....1) Concept: We are asked to calculate the percent composition of the given four compounds. The...1) Concept: We have to find the percent composition compound of the given compounds. The chemical...1) Concept: a) We are given mass of coal and the percentage of S present in it. So first we have to...1) Concept: Limiting reactant: It is defined as the reactant, which is completely consumed in the...a) To find amount of chalcopyrite that had to be mined to produce one dollar’s worth of these...1) Concept: The overall process describes the extraction of gold from the rock using NaAuCN2 The...1) Concept: Roasting of UOxNO3yH2Oz at 400℃ leads to loss of water molecule to form anhydrous...A solution containing three binary acids (HX).One of them is a weak acid and the other two are...1) Concept To determine the concentration of ions present in the molecules, we need to use the moles...1) Concept To determine the mass of the solute needed to prepare a solution, we need to calculate...Explanation:1) Concept:Steps for writing a net ionic equation: i) Write down the complete balanced...Explanation:1) Concept: Using the chemical formula of the compounds given in each reaction, we can...To balance the chemical reactions, we use the law of conservation of matter. According to the law of...1) Concept: We are asked to assign oxidation numbers to each element in the given reactions. We will...1) Concept: To balance a redox reaction, first we have to assign oxidation numbers to each of the...1) Concept: The following steps are followed to balance a redox reaction in a basic medium: i)...We are asked to assign oxidation numbers to all the elements in the given balanced equation....1) Concept: For balancing redox reactions, first, the change in oxidation numbers (∆O.N.) is...1) Concept: The net ionic equation is derived from the total ionic equation. The total ionic...1) Concept: To balance a redox reaction, first check the ∆O.N. Balance the reaction, and add...1) Concept: Redox reactions involve loss and gain of electrons between the atoms, i.e., oxidation...During the compression stroke of a diesel engine, the upward motion of the piston squeezes the gases...1) Concept: To calculate the value of ∆Hrxno of the overall reaction, we can use Hess’s law. We can...1) Concept: For chemical reactions occurring in gas phase, the impact of intermolecular forces on...1) Concept: Bond energy is the amount of energy required when one mole of bonds in the gas phase is...1) Concept: Bond energy is the amount of energy required when one mole of bonds in the gas phase is...1) Concept: Fuel value is the amount of energy generated by complete combustion of a particular mass...1) Concept: Fuel value is the amount of energy generated by complete combustion of a particular mass...1) Concept: To determine whether heating or cooling is required for any reaction, we need to know...1) Concept: We know the concentrations, volumes, densities, and initial and final temperatures of...1) Concept: Heat of combustion: The amount of energy released in the form of heat when the compound...1) Concept: We can manipulate the three equations algebraically for which ∆Hrxno values are known so...1) Concept: The question is based on Hess’s law. Hess’s law states that the enthalpy of reaction...Explanation: 1) Concept: Law of Dulong and Petit states that “the product of the atomic mass of a...1) Concept: We are given ∆Hcomb0 values for the two reactions and asked to find the ∆H°comb for the...1) Given: Images showing distribution of gas molecules in balloons. 2) Calculation: Gases expand to...a) As per gas laws: In transition E→[A], P decreases, V increases. In transition E→[B], T decreases,...1)Concept: To calculate the root-mean-square speed (μrms) of all the given gases, we are using the...1) Concept: To calculate the mass of the gold brick, we use the length of cube and its volume. We...1) Concept: To find the change in the volume of gas, we have to apply the combined gas law. 2)...1) Concept: To find the change in the pressure of a gas, we have to apply the combined gas law for...1) Concept: We are given the volume of the sample at different temperature at constant pressure 1...1) Concept: We are given the density of the air, the four gases, the temperature, and the pressure....1) Concept: According to ideal gas law, pressure is directly proportional to number of moles of gas....1) Concept: We are asked to find the partial pressure of CO gas in the reaction mixture. We need to...1) Concept: To calculate the total pressure exerted by the gases released in the reaction, we can...1) Concept: We are given two acids and three amines. We calculate molar mass of each acid and amine....1) Concept: The moles of NO3- can be calculated using its molar mass. The moles of N2and CO2 gases...Explanation: 1) Concept: a. The given two decomposition reactions at two different temperatures...1) Concept: The volume of the bag is calculated using its dimensions. Using the ideal gas law, the...Generally the substance that is present in larger amount is called solvent, and solute is any...1. Formulae: i. Molality of the solution is moles of solute divided by the mass of solvent in kg....Molality of the solution is moles of solute divided by the mass of solvent in kg. molality= mol of...1. Formulae: i. Density= MassVolume ii. Molality= mol of solutemass of solvent in kg A mole is the...1) Concept: Here we assume 1 kg of river water. With the mass of river water and given...1. Concept: Using boiling point of elevation we can find out the boiling point of the aqueous...1) Concept: 2) Given: i) Mass of caffeine solution = 150 mg ii) Solvent used =10.0 g camphor = 0.01...1. Concept: We need moles of eugenol to find the molar mass. Therefore, we are using boiling point...1. Concept: NaCl→Na++Cl- NaCl will dissociate into two ion as per the above equation, so the value...1) Concept: Part a) we are calculating the empirical formula using given masses of CO2 and H2O. Part...For (a) block: Only one possible arrangement is possible before removal of the divider which is RRE....1) Concept: ∆Srxno(Entropy change for the reaction) can be calculated from the difference between...1) Concept: ∆Srxno(entropy change for the reaction) can be calculated from the difference between...To know if a reaction is spontaneous, we need to find out ∆Hrxno, ∆Srxno and ∆Grxno. a) 2 NOg+O2(g)...1) Concept: We have been asked to calculate the ∆Go at 298 K by using appendix 4. We can calculate...1) Concept: We have been asked to calculate the ∆Go at 298 K by using appendix 4. We can calculate...1) Concept: We can use the concept second law of thermodynamics and use the expressions of standard...1) Formula: i. ∆Grxn0=∆Hrxn0-T∆Srxn0 ii. ∆Hrxn0=∑nproducts×∆Hf,products0-∑nreactants×∆Hf,reactants0...1) Formula: i. ∆Grxn0=∆Hrxn0-T∆Srxn0 ii. ∆Hrxn0=∑nproducts×∆Hf,products0-∑nreactants×∆Hf,reactants0...1) Formula: ∆Srxn0=∑nproducts×∆Sf,products0-∑nreactants×∆Sf,reactants0 Here ∆Srxn0 is the standard...1) Concept: The concentration of a reactant reduces with time as more and more of it reacts to...1) Concept: i. Rate law: Rate of reaction is proportional to some power of the change in...1) Concept: Rate law is the equation, which determines the relation between the rate of reaction and...NOg+Br2g→NOBr2g Consider the Initial rate law for the given reaction. Rate 1=kNOn[Br2] m where k is...1) Concept: There are two methods to determine the order of the reaction. 1. Graphical method - Plot...1) Concept: In the first order reaction, the rate nearly depends on only one reactant, so it is...1) Concept: The overall reaction for any given mechanism can be written by adding the two reactions...1) Concept: The overall reaction for any given mechanism can be written by adding the two reactions...1) Concept: We need to focus on the mechanism of the reaction. Elementary step 1 involves reversible...1) Concept: We are calculating the rate law for slow step for each given mechanism. If it is the...1) Concept: From the given reaction, we will check, how the rate of reaction depends on...1) Concept: We have the order of reaction with respect to ammonia and nitrous acid. From this,write...1) Concept: The given process is second order in peroxyacetyl nitrate, so write rate law for the...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the rate law and rate constant for the initial reaction rate...1) Concept: We can write the rate law for the reaction as rate=kO3x[C2H4]y, where x and y are the...The twographs represent the energy profile diagram for the two reactions. Reactant molecules must...1) Concept: The equilibrium constant for a reaction is usually written as the ratio of...1) Concept: The equilibrium constant expresses the relation between the amount of product and...1) Concept: We need to draw the RICE table for the given reaction and initial partial pressure....1) Concept: We are using the above formula to solve this question. The values from the RICE table...1) Concept: We need to draw RICE table for the given reaction and initial partial pressure. Then, we...1) Concept: Here we are using equilibrium constant expression of partial pressure given below using...1) Concept The system initially contains no product. This means that the reaction quotient Qc is...a) To calculate the value of ∆Hrxn0: 1) Formula and concept: We know the formula to calculate ∆Hrxn0...a) To calculate the value of KP for this reaction at 298 K: 1. Formula and concept: We know the...1. Concept: We are asked to calculate Kp from the two ∆G0 values.We can use the relation between ∆G0...1) Concept Given the percentage of decomposition of CO2 at different temperatures and partial...1) Concept: Equilibrium constant expression for KP is the ratio of the equilibrium partial pressures...1) Concept and formulas: In case of weak acids, the dissociation in aqueous solution is a reversible...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the Ka value for lactic acid from known initial concentration...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the Ka value for the butanoic acid (C3H7COO-H) from known...1) Concept: We are calculating the pKb using given Kb for aminoethanol. Then we can compare the pKb...1) Concept: We can calculate Kb of quinolone using its pKb. Using the RICE table and Kb expression...1) Concept: We can calculate Kb using its pKb. Using the RICE table and Kb expression for reaction,...1) Concept: Using RICE table and Kb expression for reaction, we can calculate the hydroxide ion...1) Concept: Sulfuric acid is a strong diprotic acid in that one hydrogen atom per molecule ionizes...1) Concept: We are asked to determine the pH of 1.25×10-2 M of ephedrine hydrochloride. It...1) Concept: Sodium propionate is a salt of strong base NaOH and weak acid CH3COOH.So it is a basic...Concept: The net ionic equation is a chemical equation that shows only the soluble and strong...1) Concept : Chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in which the...Two graphs of pH versus titrant volumes are shown in the given figure. The pH of a strong acid is...Let’s consider acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer systems with different concentrations of...1) Concept: The known concentration and volume of a weak acid and molarity of a strong base (NaOH)...1) Concept: We can calculate the initial moles of trimethylamine using the given molarity and...1) Concept: The given titration is the titration of a weak acid and a strong base. The volume of the...1) Concept: Oxalic acid is a weak diprotic acid, i.e., there are two protons that can dissociate...1) Concept: The number of equivalence points depends on the number of protons that can dissociate...1) Concept: We are asked to find the color of red cabbage juice at equivalence point when a weak...1) Concept: After addition of NH3 and ethylenediamine solutions into Co(NO3)2 solution, there would...1) Concept: The cation, which requires a smaller concentration of the added solution to begin...1) Concept: We are asked to find the =pH at the equivalence point for the titration of known...1) Concept: To calculate the pH of a weak acid with a strong base, we need to use reaction...1) Concept: To calculate the pH of a weak base with a strong acid, we need to use reaction...1) Concept: We are asked to find which acid yields a solution with the lower pH if 0.100 M solutions...The two electrolytes, in a cell, are generally kept separate to avoid their mixing. If the two...1) Concept: In a voltaic cell, anode is the electrode at which oxidation takes place while cathode...1) Concept: We are asked to write and balance the cell reaction from the given pair. Values of...1) Concept: We are asked to write and balance the cell reaction from the given pair. Values of...1) Concept: We are asked to calculate the value of ∆G0 and Ecell0 for the given two reactions using...1) Concept: We are asked to calculate the value of ∆G0 and Ecell0 for the given two reactions using...1) Concept: To calculate the value of ∆G0 and Ecell0 for the given two reactions, we can use the...1) Concept: To calculate the value of ∆G0 and Ecell0 for the two given reactions, we can use the...1) Concept: To assign the oxidation number of carbon and hydrogen in the reactant and product sides,...1) Concept: We are given a redox reaction and asked to find the oxidation numbers for each elements...1) Concept: We are asked to write the net ionic equation for the redox reaction between Ag2S and Al...A crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents are arranged in a highly ordered...1) Concept: For each type of unit cell, we can determine the number of atoms in the unit cell and...1) Concept: For each type of unit cell, we can determine the number of atoms in the unit cell and...1) Concept: To find the wavelength corresponding to the visible regions, we need to use the Eg...1) Concept: To find the wavelength corresponding to band gaps for semiconducting phosphides, we need...1) Concept: a) Unit cell of ReO3: It consists of a cube with rhenium atoms at corners and an oxygen...1) Concept: a) CsCl has bcc unit cell crystal structure. Using the relation between radius and edge...1) Concept: The reaction is balanced by taking an inventory of the atoms on both sides of the...1) Concept: The reaction is balanced by taking an inventory of the atoms on both sides of the...1) Concept: We are asked to calculate the packing efficiency of pure silicon. Silicon crystallizes...1) Concept: The molecules of Buckminster fullerene form a cubic closet-packing array, which means...1) Concept: The unit cell of the iron is given as bcc unit cell. The edge length can be calculated...1) Concept: The CsCl has the cubic unit cell where the chloride ions sit in the corners of the...a) Substitutional alloys may form when the difference in atomic radii between the alloying elements...A molecule with one C=C is described as having one degree of unsaturation. A molecule with one...1) Concept: We can calculate the ∆Hrxn from the difference between the standard molar enthalpies of...1) Concept: We can calculate the ∆Hrxn from the difference between the standard molar enthalpies of...1) Concept: We can calculate the ∆Hrxn from the difference between the standard molar enthalpies of...1) Concept: To calculate the fuel value of the compound, we need to use heat of combustion of fuel...1) Concept: Fuel value is the quantity of energy released during the complete combustion of one gram...1) Concept: To calculate the standard enthalpy of the reaction, we need to use the heat of formation...1) Concept: We can calculate moles of weak base present and the moles of H+ ions added from their...1) Concept: To calculate the fuel value of the compound, we need to use the heat of combustion of...1) Concept: To calculate the fuel value of the compound, we need to use the heat of combustion of...1) Concept: To calculate the fuel value of the compound, we need to use the heat of combustion of...1) Concept: To calculate the fuel value of a compound, we need to use heat of combustion of fuel and...1) Concept: We are asked to calculate the fuel value for liquid formamide and methyl formate. The...1) Concept: We are given two balanced reactions of methanogenic bacteria and asked to find the...1) Concept: We are given two balanced reactions of methanogenic bacteria and asked to find the...In the whole process of transformation of Α- glucose to Β- glucose, the conformation changes from a...1) Concept: The change in the free energy of the reaction is calculated from the standard molar free...The protons are represented by light grey spheres and neutrons by dark grey spheres. a) In figure...1) Concept: First, we will balance the nuclear equation for decay of C 11 by using the emission of...1) Concept: First, we will balance the nuclear equation for decay of F 18 by using the emission of...1) Concept: To calculate the binding energy of the nuclei of two isotopes, we need to calculate the...1) Concept: To calculate the binding energy of the nuclei of two isotopes, we need to calculate the...For the balanced nuclear reaction, the sum of charges, i.e., atomic numbers (subscript) and mass...For the balanced nuclear reaction, the sum of charges, i.e., atomic numbers (subscript) and mass...1) Concept: The reactions of formation of silicon isotope are given, and we are asked to find the...1) Concept: The reaction of formation of the sulfur isotope is given, and we are asked to find the...1) Concept: In the given reactions, the nuclide captures neutrons, and new nuclides are produced....1) Concept: The radioactivity is related to the number of atoms decaying by the relation A=kN; where...1) Concept: To calculate the binding energy of the nuclei of two isotopes, we need to calculate the...1) Concept: We are using the first order radioactive decay equation to find the ratio Nt/N0 for each...1) Concept: To write the nuclear equations based on successful attempt to synthesize supermassive...The radius of a monoatomic cation decreases as we go across the period from left to right. Even...1) Concept: We are asked to find the pH of a solution of selenocysteine, which is a diprotic acid...1) Concept: We are asked to find the pH of a solution of cysteine, which is a diprotic acid with two...1) Concept: We are asked to find the reaction between Ca5PO43OHs and CaF2. We are given the...1) Concept: Ksp(Solubility product constant) is the equilibrium between the solid compound and its...1) Concept: Ksp(solubility product constant) is the equilibrium between the solid compound and its...1) Concept: Solubility product constant Ksp is the product of the concentration of the ions raised...1) Concept: We are given Ksp of Ca5(PO4)3F,3.2 × 10-60 and asked to find Ksp of Ca10(PO4)6F2. As we...Aluminum carbonate is a base while hydrochloric acid, HCl is an acid. When aluminum carbonate reacts...The highlighted elements are calcium (red), chromium (green), cobalt (yellow), and zinc (blue)....Based on the information given in Problem 23.19, the formulas of the platinum(IV) coordination...Based on the information given in Problem 23.20, the formulas of the chromium(III) coordination...When writing the name of the coordination compound, if the counter ion of the complex ion is a...To determine whether high-spin and low-spin electron configuration in an octahedral field is...1) Concept: The logarithm of formation constant of Hgmethionine+2 is given, and the logarithm of...1) Concept: The logarithm of formation constant of Hgcysteine+2 is given, and the logarithm of...1) Concept: The equilibrium reaction is: CH3Hgpenicillamine+ aq+cysteine aq ⇌CH3Hgcysteine+...1) Concept: The equilibrium reaction of ligand exchange of CH3Hg+ is CH3Hg(glutathione)+ aq+cysteine...1) Concept: The complexation reaction of free lead in the blood with the EDTA solution to form...

More Editions of This Book

Corresponding editions of this textbook are also available below:

CHEMISTRY: ATOMS-FOCUSED - ACCESS CODE
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393697377
CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FOCUSED, PRINT UPGRA
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393443585
CHEMISTRY:ATOMS-FOCUSED APPR.(CL)-TEXT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393674026
SMARTWORKS FOR CHEMISTRY: ATOMS FOCUSED
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393644777
CHEM:ATOM FOC 2E CL (TEXT)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393284218
CHEMISTRY ATOM FOCUSED EBK W/ A.C. >I<
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393657159
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393615197
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614053
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393600681
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393912340

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