Elements Of Physical Chemistry - 7th Edition - by ATKINS,  P. W. (peter William), De Paula,  Julio - ISBN 9780198796701

Elements Of Physical Chemistry
7th Edition
ATKINS, P. W. (peter William), De Paula, Julio
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780198796701

Book Details

Elements of Physical Chemistry has been carefully developed to help students increase their confidence when using physics and mathematics to answer fundamental questions about the structure of molecules, how chemical reactions take place, and why materials behave the way they do. Featuring an appealing design and layout, this acclaimed text provides extensive mathematical and pedagogical support while also remaining concise and accessible.

For the seventh edition, the material has been reorganized into short "Topics," which are grouped into thematic "Focuses" to make the text more digestible for students and more flexible for instructors. At the beginning of each Topic, three questions are posed, emphasizing why it is important, what the key idea is, and what students should already know.

Sample Solutions for this Textbook

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The heat released in a bomb calorimeter is equivalent to the charge in internal energy because the...The given reaction is 2NO2(g) →N2O4(g). Standard enthalpy change for the reaction can be calculated...According to second law of thermodynamic changes in enthalpy ΔH = ΔU + Δn RT−−−−−−[1] Where (Δn) sum...From van der Waals equation we get, (P + an2V2)(V - nb) = nRT Now according to the given question...According to the question the heat capacity of substance is often reported in the form, Cp,m(T) = a...According to the equipartition theorem, Energy contribution by each of the translational degrees of...The enthalpy and internal energy both are dependent on temperature. This can be as follows, The...According to the question in most common diets 65% of the food energy comes from carbohydrates. It...Given that for perfect gas Cp = 52R. Applying the Kirchhoff’s law, d(ΔH)P = ΔCPdT d(ΔU)v = ΔCvdT...The change in entropy is equal to the energy transferred as heat to the system reversibly divided by...Given: Tb = 353.2 K; ΔvapH (Tb) = 30.8 kJ mol-1; Cp,m(l)= 136.1 JK-1mol-1 Cp,m(g)= 81.6 JK-1mol-1 1....2CH3CHO (g)+ O2(g) → 2CH3COOH (l)ΔSo = ∑nSo(products) - ∑nSo(reactants)ΔSo=[So(CH3COOH)]-...Given reaction: N2 (g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) Molar entropy of Ammonia gas: Smo (NH3) = 192.45...Given reaction: 2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(g) Given: Cp,mlinear = 72R ; Cp,mnon-linear =4R At...According to the resource section, two different states of sulfur and its standard Gibbs energy...Change in molar Gibbs energy of carbon dioxide at 20oC when its pressure is changed isothermally...Given, An open vessel contains water in a laboratory measuring 5.0 m × 4.3 m× 2.2 m at 25oC. The...Given data: χN2 = 0.78χO2 = 0.22T = 298 K The equation for finding ΔGmix is given below: ΔGmix = RT...Given data: χN2 = 0.78χO2 = 0.210χAr = 0.0096T = 298 K The equation for finding ΔGmix is given...Given, At 90oC the vapour pressure of toluene is 53 kPa and that o-xylene is 20 kPa. The composition...Given, An ideal-dilute solution of chloroform and ethanol with a mole fraction of ethanol in the...Given, Aniline and hexane form partially miscible liquid-liquid mixtures at temperatures below 69.1...According to Clausius-Clapeyron equation, ln P2P1 = − ΔHvapR(1T2 - 1T1) Given that, ΔHvap = 40.656...The van der Waals equation of state can be expressed as (P + aVm2)(Vm − b) = RT According to the...Heamoglobin concentration in normal blood is 150 g dm−3 which implies that in 1 L of blood there is...Given reaction, CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O Write the reaction quotient for the given...Given: Volume and molarity of HCl = 25.0 cm3(0.025L) and 0.144 M Volume and molarity of NaOH = 25.0...Given Phosphorous acid solution pH = 5.0 Phosphorous acid, H2PO3 Ka1=1.0 ×10−2 pKa= 2.00Ka2=2.6×10−7...The solubility of silver bromide in 1.4×10-3 M NaBr(aq) in water can be estimated by the dissolution...The given cell is Ag(s)|AgNO3(aq,mL)||AgNO3(aq,mR)|Ag(s) The half-cell reaction can be given as...Given reaction, HCl(g) + NH3(g) → NH4Cl(s) Calculate the value of ΔrH0 for the given reaction,...Given compound, Calcium carbonate (CaCO3). From the relationship between Gibbs energy, enthalpy and...Given reaction, 2 CH3CHO(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 CH3COOH(l) Calculate the reaction Gibbs energy for the given...Given, The dissociation vapour of NH4Cl at 427 °C is 608 kPa and at 459 °C is 1115 kPa. The balanced...C6H5COOH + H2O→C6H5COO− + H3O+ Initial 0.250 0 0 Change −x x x−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−...CH3CH (OH)COOH+H2O→CH3CH (OH)COO− + H3O+ Initial 0.150 0 0 Change −x x...Given, 1.0×10−4 M H3BO3(aq) Acts as a monoprotic acid. The reaction of H3BO3(aq) with water is,...The reaction occurring in the titration is the neutralization of OH− (from Ba(OH)2) by H3O+ (from...Given Data: Ka for CH3COOH = 1.8×10−5[CH3COOH(aq)] = 0.10 M The equilibrium can be written as...According to Kohlrausch law, Molar conductivity of a strong electrolyte weakly depends on...The given reaction is Sn(s)+Sn4+(aq)⇌2Sn2+(aq) Sn(s)+Sn4+(aq)⇌2Sn2+(aq)R:Sn4+(aq)+2e−→Sn2+(aq)...The given information and half-cell reaction is shown below, ΔfGΘ(CO32−)=−527.81...Lysine is a triprotic amino acid which implies that it has three dissociable protons. Ka1 =...The balanced equation is, (NH4)2CO + H2O (l) →H+ 2NH4+(aq) + CO32−(aq) Rate consumption of reactants...Rate constant for given zero order reaction, A → B−rA = −d[A]dt = k[A] ⇒−d[A] dt =k ⇒ d[A] = −kdt...The ester concentration left after 15 seconds for given reaction is given as follows, [P] =...Given first-order decomposition reaction is, 2N2O5 (g) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g) Half-life for a first order...Given gas-phase decomposition reaction is, C4H8 (g) → 2C2H4(g) log A = 15.6 A= antilog (15.6) =...According to Arrhenius equation, k = A e- EaRT The given collision frequency is f = 10−3....Given reaction is, Enzyme (E) + Glucose (G) → Enzyme hexokinase (E+G) Record the given data’s...Record the given data’s [Complex]/(mmol dm-3)8.019.2212.11v0/(mol dm-3s-1) (a)(b)125640144730190960...Given information, The reaction is 2 ICl(g) + H2(g) → I2(g) + 2 HCl(g) Rate law of the equation is...Given reaction is, 2HI(g) → H2(g) + I2(g) Record the given data’s t/s01234[HI]/(mol...Given pseudo first-order decomposition reaction is, CO(NH3)(aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2NH4+(aq) + CO32−(aq)...Decomposition of ozone can be written as, 2O3 → 3O21. O3 ⇌k1'k1 O2 + O −−−reverse equilibrium2. O+...Given: Wavelength = 736 nm The difference in energy levels is calculated by using the relationship...Given: Frequency is 1×1015 Hz. The quanta transited in an electronic transition of known frequency...Given: Mass = 1 g Speed = 1 ms-1 The de Broglie wavelength is calculated by using de Broglie...Given: 10 MeV Particle accelerator The electron wavelength present in given accelerator is...Given: Fabric area ⇒A = 1 km2 Wavelength ⇒λ = 650 nm The force is determined by multiplying the...Given: The m is replaced by the effective mass μ = mAmB(mA+mB). The vibrational frequency, of the...The quantum number of higher energy level of Brackett series is calculated as, n1 = 4 n2 = ?1λ=...The Clebsch–Gordan series should be used to identify the L values. The given electronic...The orbital angular momentum of an electron in 1s orbital is determined as, orbital angular momentum...The total angular momentum quantum number, J, is calculated as, J = L + S, L + S - 1, ..., |L - S|L...All the lines in the hydrogen spectrum suits the Rydberg formula. 1λ = RH(1n12 - 1n22)Where λ is the...The radial distribution function varies as, P = 4a03r2e-2r/a0 At maximum P, r = a0 sincedpdr ∞ (2r -...The electronic configuration of oxygen (Z=8) in the ground state is 1s2 2s2 2p4 Each oxygen atoms...Given species: F2− There are 19 electrons in F2−. According to the MO theory its electron...Given species: O2+ There are 15 electrons in O2+. According to the MO theory its electron...Given species: H2− There are 3 electrons in H2−. MO diagram for H2− ion can be drawn as follows,...Given species: C2 The electronic configuration of C element is 1s2 2s2 2p2 MO diagram for C2 species...The given bond is C-H. The electronegativity of atoms in a bond will be the deciding factor to...The average dipole moment of the molecule can be calculated by the equation given below: μaverage =...Given data is as follows: Q1 = 3eQ2 = -eQ3 = -2ex1,y1 = (0,0)x2,y2 = (0.32 nm,0) Given that the...The expression for the potential energy of two parallel dipole moments is the sum of the interaction...Given information is shown below, Molar concentration, [J]= 0.10 mmol.dm-3 Transmittance, T =...Given information is shown below, Molar concentration, [J]= 0.080 mol.dm-3 Transmittance, T =...i. Moment of inertia of 1H2 Given data, m(1H)= 1.008muR = 74×10−12 m Effective mass of 1H2 is given...The SO3 molecule is planar. So it has two axes of rotation. Along each axes it has different moment...Given information is shown below, force constant of the bond, kf = 908 Nm−1 Effective mass of 12C16O...Force constant of the bond in HF_ Given information is shown below, Vibrational wavenumber, ν¯ =...Given information is shown below, 2B = 384 GHz = 384×109 Hz= 384×109 s-1 Therefore, B = 384×109...Consider a triatomic linear molecule of the form ABC. Let, RA,RB and RC are the distances from the...Calculate ( kQ/kQ): A plot was drawn between Iabs/If and [Q] using the given information....The O−O stretching mode does not change the dipole moment in O2. Hence, in free O2 this mode is not...At which temperature the relative proportion of molecules in axial and equatorial conformations in a...Calculating the degeneracy and energy for the given quantum states J = 0andJ = 5: The given molecule...Converting the given wavenumbers from cm-1 to m-1. For υ¯ =1388 cm-1 100 cm =1 m 1388 cm × 1 m100...The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of I2 can be calculated using the following formula....Given data: The 13C nuclei with γN = 6.7272×107 T−1 s−1 at 20°C. The imbalance of population is 35...Given information, Acetaldehyde CH3CHO δ CH3CHO = 2.20 δ CH3CHO = 9.80Applied field = 1.2 T First...Typical values of A, B and C are given below, A = + 7 Hz ; B = - 1 Hz ; C = + 5 Hzdihedral angle (ϕ)...Given information, Methyl radical - •CH3 The spin value of 1H nuclei is I = 1/2. The number of lines...Given information, Spin-3/2 nuclei and N value from 1 to 5. The number of lines obtained in the...The Z-average molar mass, which is obtained in certain sedimentation experiments is calculated as,...The solute particle is assumed that they are solid spheres, Rg values are calculated and compared....Given data: A set of planes in a crystal intersects the axes at 3a, 2b and 2c. Miller indices: The...Given data: The dimensions of the unit cell are a=0.82 nm, b = 0.94 nm and c = 0.75 nm The planes of...Given, a = 812pmb = 947pmc = 637pm The unit cell is orthorhombic and separation of plane equation is...Given, h1, k1, l1 = (1,1,0)d1 = 257 pmh2, k2, l2 = (2,1,1)d2 = 156 pm The relationship between the...The overall chemical equation for the formation of CaO is represented as, Ca(s)+O2(g)→CaO(s) Using...The overall chemical equation for the formation of MgBr2 is represented as, Mg(s)+Br2(l)→MgBr2(s)...

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