Penicillin Essay

recently, chemically synthesised by putting different classes which have already been identified together and hoping they work. Penicillin is an example of a β-lactam antibiotic, which are broad spectrum antibiotics with one thing in common: the β-lactam ring in their chemical structure (see Figure 1). Within this group are many classes of antibiotic, such as penicillin derived compounds, carbapenems, cephalosporins, and monobactams (Holten & Onusko, 2000). This type of antibiotic is bactericidal

are resistant to many antibiotics are known as multi-resistant organisms (MRO). (Antibiotic Resistant bacteria, 2017) In the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s, S. aureus developed resistance to penicillin. Methicillin, a form of penicillin, was introduced to counter the increasing problem of penicillin-resistant S. aureus. At this time Methicillin was one of most common types of antibiotics used to treat S. aureus infections; but in 1961, British scientists identified the first strains of S. aureus

Lab Report: Antibiotic Evaluation by the Kirby-Bauer Method Introduction Chemical antimicrobial agents are chemical compounds capable of either inhibiting the growth of microorganisms or killing them outright. Those which are taken internally to alleviate the symptoms of or promote healing from disease are called chemotherapeutic drugs, and among these is a class of compounds called antibiotics. In order for a chemotherapeutic drug to be classed as an antibiotic, it must be produced by

problems in health or health care. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered that the mold penicillium notatum could be used as an antibiotic. It was not until 1940 that penicillin was derived from the mold to be used to treat disease and sickness. Norman G. Heatley asked a team of scientist to begin working on isolating the ingredient penicillin from the mold itself. In March of 1940, the team withdrew acidified culture

Hinton agar. This agar does two amazing things in the world of science. It contains a starch that makes it test plate transparent (easy to read results) and it control the rate of diffusion of the tested drug. Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Gentamicin, penicillin, and vancomycin are the fours types of antibiotics that were use to test the sensitivity of the microbe to them. The microbe was resistant to Ampicillin;

Two years later came Nystatin our first antifungal. Resistant Bacteria Strains “Upon receipt of the Nobel Prize in 1945 Alexander Fleming predicted, ‘The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone… Then there is the danger that… under-dosing (not taking full schedule of antibiotic as prescribed) will expose microbes to non-lethal quantity of the drug, making them resistant,’” (291) Almost seventy years later and Flemings

explained the beta-lactam ring and allergies with any penicillin or cephalosporin beautifully. The diagram of the “pink pentagon” and “blue box” clearly explained why most people can take a cephalosporin if they have had a reaction to penicillin and why some cannot (Advanced Practice Education Associates,

was mass produce by the U.S. because of its effectiveness of treating soldiers in WW2. Pencilling wasn’t the only medicine that was used in WW2, there are other medicines that help treated soldiers from various types of injuries. Sulphanilamide, Penicillin, Atabrine, Plasma and Morphine were some of the common medicines used to treat soldiers in WW2. Sulphanilamide Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (1895-1964), a Biochemist. He discovered a new class of drugs from researching with antibacterial chemicals

cephalosporin or cephamycin hypersensitivity. In patients with penicillin hypersensitivity, caution should be exercised when administering this drug. Cross-reactivity can occur due to the similar structures or penicillin and ceftazidime. Cross-reactivity has been documented in approximately 3-7% of patients with a history of penicillin hypersensitivity. Allergic reaction can range from mild to fatal, and those with severe reactions to penicillin should not be given this drug. Discontinue the use of ceftazidime

Flucloxacillin is extensively used in the treatment of various infections caused by susceptible organisms. It breaks down easily in the presence of moisture and the breakdown products are responsible for the hypersensitivity reactions in susceptible individuals. This study sought to investigate the effect of starch and plain carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on flucloxacillin stability, determine the rate of reaction for the decomposition of flucloxacillin in the presence of starch and plain CMC and