Aceh

that the oil and natural gas dollar from Aceh were controlled fully by a centralized authority in Jakarta for many years. Only three per cent f the total revenues from Aceh’s oil and natural gas included all related taxes returned in the form of central government’s transfers to the poor province. Then only in 2002 when the earlier special autonomy law took effect that Aceh received a seventy per cent of oil share and natural gas revenues. Infrastructure in Aceh was and remained poor. 25 per cent of

it is basically a mask for a core of “real” interests (Varshney 2009, 288). The case of conflicts in Aceh approave this assertion that competition for resources typically lies at the heart of ethnic conflict. Therefore, this short answer will be two-fold: first, a critical understanding of instrumantalism will be provided in order to illustrate why resources are important? Second, a case of Aceh will be explained along with the instrumentalism. In the article Containing Fear: The Origins and Management

impact of proximity on the post-traumatic stress disorder development and resilience rates of adolescents in Aceh after the 2004 tsunami. In 2004, the tsunami that struck the coasts of Indonesia, Thailand, and Sri Lanka was recorded to be one of the largest catastrophes in the past few decades (Levy and Gopalakrishnan, 2007). One of the areas that were tremendously affected was the Aceh province located on the west end of Indonesia. In a horrific tragedy like this case, many psychologists and psychiatrists

The post authoritarian Indonesian governments had different policies toward Aceh conflict. Habibie’s government had placed the military to protect the state from external threat however hold the referendum toward East Timor. Wahid’s domestic politics emphasized to uphold territorial integrity (Shihab 1999) and started a peace talk between the Indonesian government and GAM with the facilitator of Switzerland-based Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HDC) in which cultivated Humanitarian Pause in 2000

Raqib Ibrahim Portfolio 5 EAS121 Indian Ocean Tsunami On the date of December 27, 2004 something happened that nobody could have imagined. One of the most devastating earthquake erupted under the ocean as it happened near the Sumatra Island. The earthquake took place 6.2 miles under the water. The earthquake had a high magnitude of 9.0 on a Richter scale which triggered a massive tsunami. Tsunamis are specific in their origins and result from larger earthquakes.

cases, it can be found that there were contrast between Aceh and Sulu. In the arrival and spread of Islam, it has been stated that Aceh period was in the 13th century while 15th century in Sulu, where the sultanate system was found thus declaring both were Islamic oriented kingdom. Aceh regarded as the first state to received Islam in Indonesia as Edward Aspinall (n.d) stated the oldest kingdom in Southeast Asia was Pasai well known as Aceh in present day, it becomes the first contact of traders

wished to pursue centralization towards a unified state. In order to appease the Acehnese people the region was granted somewhat of a special region status until the 1950s when it was officially incorporated into the North Sumatra province. Much of the Aceh history is filled with violence and tension and despite some governmental change the region still experiences a greater amount of tension and conflict than other areas within Indonesia. When the subject of the matter is internal conflicts, identifying

history comes from the back cover explaining the setting and time of the event.The back cover states “ Aceh, Indonesia. December 2004”. Now a 2014 article produced by The Atlantic “An aerial view of a destroyed and flooded village after waves hit following an earthquake near the provincial capital of Banda Aceh, Aceh province, Indonesia, on December 28, 2004.” The information that we get out of this is Aceh and 2004. This ties in with the author using history because the author is relating this to a real

after the tsunami. The general idea of SCM is explained below. Suppose that we observe 26 provinces in Indonesia for the period t=1980,…,2004,…,2016. Let i=1 be the province of Aceh, and i=2,…,26 be the other provinces that serve as the potential controls for Aceh. Here, we let T_0=2004 be the year when tsunami struck Aceh. We denote Y_it^I as educational attainment in the presence of the tsunami, while Y_it^N is educational attainment if the tsunami had not occurred. It is generally acceptable to

In the realm of economy, the Ottoman Empire faced challenges from the Portuguese who had established a cheaper trade route via the Cape of Good Hope and thus obtained the pepper monopoly. By the conquest of Egypt and the Levant in 1516-17, the Ottomans controlled the whole Red Sea and the one end of the Persian Gulf that were extremely advantageous for the spice trade. Giancarlo Casale introduced three main strategies—designating convoy of spice galleys to ship state-owned pepper, setting customized