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Chapter 4 Colonialism and the African Experience Virtually everything that has gone wrong in Africa since the advent of independence has been blamed on the legacies of colonialism. Is that fair? Virtually all colonial powers had “colonial missions.” What were these missions and why were they apparently such a disaster? Did any good come out of the African “colonial experience”? Introduction Colonization of Africa by European countries was a monumental milestone in ­ the development

FILM LANGUAGE FILM LANGUAGE A Semiotics of the Cinema Christian Metz Translated by Michael Taylor The University of Chicago Press Published by arrangement with Oxford University Press, Inc. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 © 1974 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved. English translation. Originally published 1974 Note on Translation © 1991 by the University of Chicago University of Chicago Press edition 1991 Printed in the United States of America 09 08 07 6