Alkene

Introduction: The process of synthesizing cyclic compounds is a common task presented in the field of organic chemistry. The Diels-Alder reaction consists of a conjugated diene bonding with an alkene in which two new σ bonds are formed and two π bonds are broken, yielding a cyclohexane product1. This type of reaction is useful in the field for several reasons; the reaction produces a high yield, produces two new stereocenters, and is stereospecific1. For a diene to participate in the reaction, two

chemistry the Diels-Alder reaction is a method to create six membered rings by reacting a s-cis-diene with an alkene. The reaction occurs using the pi electrons present from the diene (4 pi electrons) and the alkene (2 pi electrons) to create a six membered ring in a concerted (one step) mechanism. This reaction is stereospecific, creating the endo product when the diene is part of a ring and the alkene has a cis configuration. When the diene is not part of a ring the product maintains the stereochemistry

an alkyne, through two E2 elimination reactions. The dibromostilbene reacted with a strong base, potassium hydroxide, at a very high temperature. The hydroxide, from KOH, deprotonated one of the aliphatic hydrogen atoms or protons which formed an alkene and broke one of the C-Br bonds releasing the bromine. This process does not take much energy to remove one of the H-Br. This process was completed twice, and the second C-Br bond was broken, and an alkyne formed. This process was more difficult due

Within this experiment a type of cycloaddition reaction was performed, called Diels-Alder reaction. This type of reaction involves both a 1,3-diene and an alkene, called the dienophile in this reaction. Within this reaction two new sigma bonds were formed at the 1 and 4 carbon atoms of the diene. Two other pi bonds are also formed simultaneously with the sigma bonds. Due to this concerted nature of the reaction the diene must be able to adopt a s-cis configuration, making the reaction stereospecific

On 1/7, the Alky started to only process FCCU BB and no longer process Coker BB. Alkylation chemistry neither likes contaminants nor diluents. Contaminants are direct acid consumers. The more contaminants in the feed, the more often the unit will be at an acid constraint. Diluents do not reaction in alkylation chemistry but they take up space and decrease the effective area for isobutane and olefin to contact. With less contact, side reactions like polymerization are more likely to occur; polymerization

Dehydrobromination 5. Introduction In this experiment, an alkyne—diphenylacetylene—was prepared by a double dehydrobromination. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and high heat were used to accomplish this. The precipitate of this reaction was collected by vacuum filtration. It was then washed with water and recrystallized using ethanol. The product was then isolated again before the weight was taken for further analysis of percent yield. The melting point was also taken to identify that it was the desired

Conclusion: The isomerization of dimethyl maleate to dimethyl fumarate experiment was successful in that it occurred to completion under the correct conditions. Only the predicted set of conditions allowed for isomerization of dimethyl maleate to dimethyl fumarate, a test tube of dimethyl maleate and bromine placed under an intense light source. The other two test tubes did not isomerize as one did not contain the bromine, so there was no ability to form a radical, and the other was placed in the

The alcohols 1-propanol and 2-pentanol were converted into alkyl halides through a certain series of steps. The first step was reflux, and the purpose of reflux is to add energy to the solution and not lose any solution to evaporation. This energy helps initiate the acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction and also promotes rearrangement. The next step was distillation, which functioned to separate liquids based on boiling points. The distillation utilizes boiling points to separate the alkyl halide products

Olefins are usually produced in large quantities in the petrochemical industry. The separation of olefins from paraffins is of primary importance to the chemical industry. Olefin/paraffin mixture is difficult to separate due to their similar physical and chemical properties such as molecular sizes and boiling point. The most common method for olefin/paraffin separation in the industry is the distillation process, commonly known as cryogenic distillation which is considered as one of the most energy-intensive

Introduction The following essay will be based on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve and its relation to pulse oximetry. The oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve is a simple concept that explains the pathways that oxygen travels in the blood stream. The oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve explains how the oxygen is carried in haemoglobin molecules, which each contain four heme molecules that bind with the oxygen. The curve explains how oxygen is transferred from the blood stream into the surrounding