Alta California

• In the introduction, the author wrote that California was a happy place which was not true. The article Franciscan Missions in Alta California, explains that the missionaries brought hardships to the people of California killing thousands of people by the mission system. The Spaniards brought diseases and drastic lifestyle changes that decreased the number of Native people. • The author mentions that hostile Indians made travel dangerous, except for the brave and well-armed. Yet, the Natives would

The Spanish in contact with California occurred in the mid 1530s when Cortez’s men ventured to Baja California. They began to sail north to Alta California and established 21 missions. The expedition to Alta California was the last greatest expansion of Spain’s empire in North America. The missions were a series of religious and military settlements established by the padre. The Spanish constructed the missions to gain control and power over the land in California. San Francisco Solano Mission was

Don Pio Pico, a renowned figure of early Mexican/American culture, was known for his exquisite fashion sense, intelligence and leadership, whose family experience with early California authority and religion progressed the integration of both societies. During his childhood, Pio’s father isn’t just a symbol of his leadership, as he moves from a man of wealth and taste to an inspirational political force, whose father becomes a symbol of his political rise in defining his own identity. Nonetheless

Pubols’s well-written and carefully documented study of the de la Guerra family of Santa Bárbara, California, clearly demonstrate why she chose to title her book The Father of All. Spanish-born military officer José de la Guerra is the central figure in this history, and members of his large family play important supporting roles. He arrived in Alta California in 1801 and quickly established California roots with his marriage to María Antonia Carrillo y Lugo, daughter of his commanding officer. The

the 24th of November, 1713.1 To many, he is often regarded as the founder and spiritual guardian of old Alta California, as witnessed in his rather common title, “The Father of California.” 2 In response to this, an intelligent student of history might ask himself, “What effect did the man really have, if any at all?” To find the answer, one must delve back into the history of old Spanish California, taking a good look at the padre’s past. To that end, this report aims to present the logical conclusion

Mexico won the right to California from the Spanish in the Mexican War of Independence in 1821. The war is what ended Spanish control of what was known as New Spain. 1. Mexico began giving land grants for ranches which increased the population of San Diego. San Diego city was established

Thesis The initial Spanish settlers were both successful and not successful as well in achieving their American Dream in due to the fact that they had the missions and their control over California as well as lost all of their hold on California and the missions because of the Mexicans that rebelled against the Spanish Crown.12 Origins The Spanish were a group of people from the great country of Spain in Europe. The rulers at the time, Ferdinand the Second of Aragon and Isabella of Castille was

In 1520s the Spanish began to explore California. They wanted to map the coastline of California and find a safe harbor for Spain. It was not until 1776 that a safe harbor was claimed for the Spanish empire. The beginning theory was the California was an island, but through Spanish expeditions that theory was proven wrong. In the beginning of the explorations a group of explores landed on Bahia de la Paz, which is near the tip of the Baja Peninsula. When the Spanish landed, the Indians killed

population in California between 1769 and 1848. As well as discussing the historical origins, social organizations, material conditions, and world-view of the California Indians prior to 1769, this paper will explain the impact of New Spain’s Mission System on the Alta California Indian population between 1769 to 1821 and the response of its system by the Indians. Before the Americans and the Spanish there were many indigenous Indian tribes living and thriving with structure and culture in California. The

tribe members and "implored penitents toward a shift in subjectivity through introspection, self-examination, guilt, and sorrow for sin"(McCormack). This helped the Confessario to personalize the penitent, altering Native behavior and thought from its larger social and cultural perspective. Accordingly, the confessional aids focused scrupulous interest on the transgressions of the sixth and ninth commandments (sins of impurity, including adultery, fornication, homosexuality, masturbation, and lust)