Amyloid precursor protein

Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive condition where the neurons degenerate in the brain, while the brain substance shrinks in volume. Alzheimer’s is also the number one cause of dementia. When it was first noticed, Alzheimer’s was thought to be a pre-senile disease, but now it is known to be responsible for seventy-five percent of the dementia cases in people over sixty-five years of age. Alzheimer’s disease usually causes several years of personal and intellectual decline

Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a short peptide contains 37 to 43 amino acids and is well known for its hypothesized role in causing pathogenesis of AD, since one of the main hallmarks of AD is the accumulation of fibrillogenic Aβ in the grey matter of the brain (14-15). Meanwhile, over 90% of AD patients have cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) which is characterized by the deposition of Aβ in capillaries, arteries, and arterioles (16-17). CAA causes the degeneration of smooth muscle cells and leads haemorrhages

distinct aspects involved in Alzheimer’s disease; beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Beta-amyloid plaques are formed when the amyloid precursor protein (APP) which is present in the membrane of neurons (alz.org) is cleaved off by beta and gamma-secretases (Chen et al., 2001). In a normal brain, alpha-secretase does the cleaving and the body processes APP on its own (Chen, et al., 2001). In AD, the small pieces join to form beta-amyloid plaques but as smaller individual pieces they can interfere

known as tangles neurofibrilares, and a protein called beta amyloid (Qué es la enfermedad de Alzheimer?, n.d., para. 3). The entangled fibers are remnants of damaged microtubules, the support structure that permits the flow of nutrients

What is Alzheimer’s disease? Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia known today. The term “dementia” refers to a variety of conditions that arise from the loss of nerve cell function and/or nerve cell death in the brain, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other types of mixed dementia. Although all types of dementia arise from neuronal damage and/or death, each form of dementia is associated with distinct brain

Dementia and it 's types Dementia is a syndrome caused by multiple progressive illnesses that affects memory, thinking, orientation, behaviour, comprehension, calculation, judgement, learning capacity, language, and loss of motivation and emotional control. The syndrome is characterized by Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with lewy bodies, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia mainly affects older people. Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. Prevalence 44.4

result of mutations on genes. Specifically, familial alzheimer’s is caused by a mutation in the gene coding for the amyloid precursor protein (APP) on chromosome 21q.When this gene is modified, a toxic protein fragment called amyloid beta peptide are produced in the brain. This peptide builds up in the brain and form amyloid plaques. The accumulation of this “amyloid beta peptide and amyloid plaque,” can lead to a great deal of death of nerve cells and progression of symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (Genetics

Proteins are very important to our lives because they carry out a multitude of tasks in our body. Proteins are linear chains of amino acids that adopt unique three-dimensional structures and are packed into their particular native conformations. However, protein folding can also go wrong when the inaccurate folding and clustering together of protein molecules, which are observed in numerous human diseases such as: diabetes, atherosclerosis, cystic fibrosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Huntington’s, Parkinson’s

Alzheimer 's Disease - A Complete Look at the Onset and Progression Alzheimer 's disease is a condition that affects the cognitive status of many people around the world regardless of wealth, ethnicity, intelligence or any other factor. A specific case study that demonstrates the destructive nature of the disease can be seen in the case of Akram. Akram was an 80-year-old female with a past medical history of hypertension, diverticulitis, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and diabetes. She had a history

6.3 Amyloid theory The most commonly supported hypothesis for the cause of AD relates to a protein expressed in many cells, of unknown function and implicated in familial AD due to mutations in the gene that code for it(Wisniewski, Wisniewski & Wen 1985). Although its function is not completely understood, -amyloid precursor protein (APP) is suggested to be critical for neuron growth(Turner et al. 2003, Vasto et al. 2008, Priller et al. 2006), signalling, and may also function as an antioxidant(Crouch