Anemia

of Hemolytic disease of the newborn also known as HDN was made in 1609 by a French midwife on a set of twins. Three hundred twenty-three years later Landsteiner and Weiner where able to connect a relationship with HDN with fetal hydrops, jaundice, anemia, erythroblasts in the circulation and the Rh factor. In 1953, Chown confirmed that the pathogenesis of the Rh alloimmunization to be a result of passage of Rh-positive fetal red blood cells after transplacental hemorrhage into the maternal circulation

leads to secondary thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Bleeding tendencies may be present with or without associated thrombocytopenia mostly in the form of epistaxis. Dental caries is also common in Indian subcontinent. SKELETAL CHANGES: Due to ongoing anemia, there is ongoing extramedullary hematopoiesis which leads to expansion of marrow cavities and thinning of cortices which produces a variety of bony abnormalities which leads to various clinical manifestations. The earliest changes occur in the hands

megakaryocytic lineages. These disorders are clonal and originate from a single pluripotent hemapoietic stem cell (Hubbard, 2011). MPNs have a slow onset and are mainly diagnosed in adults between 45 and 55 years of age. Clinical symptoms include anemia, weight loss, lack of energy, spleen enlargement, fever, and bruising (Hubbard, 2011). The major diagnostic criterion for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+), a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes

requiring a careful medical management to stay healthy and avoid complications of the illness and often require blood transfusions during significant illness or pregnancy (Children's Hospital Boston). Beta Thalassemia major originally called Cooley's anemia, is the most severe form of beta Thalassemia. It is caused by significant mutations on both of the beta chains. Patients with this illness require frequent blood transfusions to survive. They also require chelating therapy to remove excess iron that

Nikoleta gaining weight abnormally. 2. According to the study, the symptoms of anemia include malaise, lethargy, fatigue, swelling belly, pale skin, poor appetite, numerous infections, and crankiness. 3. This was primarily due to the fact that Nikoleta was experiencing gastrointestinal distress. They changed it to a high iron formula to try and help alleviate the pain. The parents believed that Nikoleta was anemic. Since anemia is a condition known as a deficiency

Pancytopenia Pancytopenia is a condition in which there is an abnormally low amount (deficiency) of the following blood cells: • Red blood cells (RBCs). Having too few RBCs is called anemia. • White blood cells (WBCs). Having too few WBCs is called leukopenia. • Cells that help the blood clot (platelets). Having too few platelets is called thrombocytopenia. Cells that become blood cells (stem cells) are made in the soft tissue inside the bones (bone marrow). All blood cells have a limited

have the second and consequent attacks after exposure to infection. Environmental factor-The disease is seen throughout the year, but higher incidence is reported during rainy season and increased fly breeding in June-September, because the disease is spread mainly due to flies. Social factor-Drinking water or milk and food contaminated by intestinal contents of the patients or carriers or by flies which often transmit the disease. Eating unwashed and uncooked vegetables are good source of infection

potassium level of 6.0 mEq/L. He was stabilized and transferred to Maimonides Medical Center (MMC).Blood test performed on baby Ryan at MMC revealed that Ryan had an elevated band neutrophil count, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyperammonimia, hemolytic anemia, liver damage, hypophosphatemia, and hypermagnesium. His PT, PTT, and INR were elevated. Ryan was treated with four types of antibiotics and other medications. Ryan had an MRI head exam and eye exam performed at 8 and 9 days after admission. Ryan’s

oxygen in red blood cells B. Three Types: 1. Beta Thalassemia major or Cooley’s anemia a) Both of the #11 chromosomes are abnormal b) Does not appear in a child from three months to a year 2.Beta Thalassemia intermedia a) Milder clinical symptoms compared to Cooley’s anemia 3.Beta Thalassemia minor a)Silent carrier with few or no symptoms b)At most patients have mild anemia though it can resemble a mild iron deficiency anemia C.Diagnosis 1. Blood test a)Complete blood count (1)A complete blood test which

Rationale: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is not something that is common throughout my family, but since most of our medical conditions were commonalities with the rest of the United States population, I took a particular interest in this unusual condition. My paternal grandfather – a farmer and a military veteran – was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia in 1996 at the age of 72, which was his cause of death in 1999. Several years prior to this he was diagnosed with what was once referred to