Anti-apartheid activists

aspirations and immediate needs. Governments try to establish clear policies that require local municipalities to be sensitive to community views and responsive to local problems (Temenos & McCann, 2012, p.1389). Ultimately, municipalities serve in an activist and developmental role by consulting the community and helping establish policies that promote positive social change. Policy making is fundamental to every local branch of government and impacts residents in myriad ways. Public policies create

E SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in

place by the Iranian government in the lead-up to the 2009 Presidential elections, any news of a manipulated election process would unlikely have reached the larger global community. It was only with social networking sites like Twitter that Iranian activists could raise the alert as to possible discrepancies in the re-election of President Ahmadinejad. • When the media has so many other motives, it can hardly be relied on to provide reliable information. The individual, on the other hand, has less

This page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2009,

Chapter 4 Colonialism and the African Experience Virtually everything that has gone wrong in Africa since the advent of independence has been blamed on the legacies of colonialism. Is that fair? Virtually all colonial powers had “colonial missions.” What were these missions and why were they apparently such a disaster? Did any good come out of the African “colonial experience”? Introduction Colonization of Africa by European countries was a monumental milestone in ­ the development

Rastafari This page intentionally left blank Rastafari From Outcasts to Culture Bearers Ennis Barrington Edmonds 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala