Anti-competitive practices

turn out the same way but since there is a small group of large corporations, the competition is the key to preventing the disadvantages that can easily happen under monopolistic control. Monopoly opens doors wide for anti-competitive practices. Price gouging is one of such practices. If there is not

Vertex claims the inventory costs of VLite are high, therefore tying practice is required to enhance sales of VLite. It is indisputable that the Commission recognizes pro-competitive effects of tying, such as lowering manufacturing or distribution costs by economies of scale, which is found to be important in this industry. According to para. 30 of the Guidance, Vertex has to prove that the tying is indispensible to achieve the same efficiencies. Also, following Hilti Vertex needs to show that it

the market equilibrium with their market power. Well competitive market would deliver efficiency costs, faster innovation, prevention of unduly concentrated markets, business freedom, wealth distribution, and enhancement of international competitiveness. Therefore, the ACCC is playing a crucial role in Australia, and their activities can be divided into four categories; (1) the policies for anti-competitive conduct and anti-competitive practices, (2) the mergers policy, (3) the consumer protection

distribution, Exclusive distribution and Exclusive dealing, and that restraint adoption depended on current levels of regulation. Verboven (2009) explains that vertical restraints became subjected to EU Competition Laws and due to ‘cumulative anti-competitive effects ’ were reformed, becoming stricter. By 2002, new block exemptions aimed to increase flexibility on acceptable agreements and that only Selective or Exclusive distribution can be applied, not both. Black clauses including Retail Price

The major concern of Competition Act is to deal with anti-competitive agreements, abuse of dominant position, combination and regulation of combination. Few of these are discussed below with their specific provisions:- • Anti- Competitive Agreements:- Section 3 of the competition act deals with the anti-competitive agreements. This section also defines it. It prohibits entering into any agreement which may have an adverse effect on the competition within India. This makes them void and in contravention

CHAPTER IV ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMNENT “People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices.” While doing business in India, parties are prohibited from executing anti-competitive agreements. Generally, the agreements which cause or are likely to cause appreciable adverse effect on competition (“AAEC”) are anti-competitive agreements. However, the Competition Act,

Anti-Dumping Law in the Context of WTO WTO was established with the objective of promoting free trade. Barriers to free trade may be tariff barrier or non-tariff barrier. Tariff regimes are easy to administer and simple to understand but non-tariff measures involve intricate issues and are governed by various WTO agreements. In this context, Anti-dumping is one of the most frequently used non-tariff measure. WTO rules allow the member countries to opt for Anti-dumping measures with specific stipulation

has been adopted in other jurisdictions. A per se violation requires no further inquiry into the actual effects of the practice on the market or the intention of individuals engaged in the practice. By contrast, under the rule of reason, in addition to proving the existence of the alleged conduct, its anti-competitive effects need to be shown to outweigh any alleged pro-competitive effects. The application of per-se rule was considered appropriate in those cases

Questions: Explain what is ‘Market failure’. Market failure is the inability to produce the optimal or ‘best’ outcome for society. Market failure occurs when recourses are not allocated efficiently, total surplus is not being maximised. Market failure can be caused by: Market (Monopoly) power Externalities Public Goods Common Property Goods Inequity [3 marks] What is the official role of the ACCC? How does the ACC promote competition in the Australian Economy? Discuss specific examples of government

Microsoft: An Examination of Monopolies Introduction This paper examines the nature of monopolies and the anti-trust policies developed by the government to discourage them. It specifically considers Microsoft and the case brought against it by the Federal government to prevent its becoming a software monopoly. In many cases, the government is justified in pursuing such anti-monopoly policies to protect competition and by extension the consumer. There are some instances, however, when allowing