Antibiotic resistance

2015 Title Introduction When an individual gets sick from a bacterial infection, antibiotics have undoubtedly changed the lives of many people by saving them from death (Davies, 2010). Since the discovery of antibiotics, scientists have been finding ways to improve the effectiveness of antibiotics. For the past decades, there’s been an alarming increase of antibiotic resistance globally (Witte, 2006). Antibiotics should ideally get rid of infectious diseases but instead the bacteria are finding

Antibiotic Resistance The increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a growing problem that affects individuals on a global status. Antibiotic resistance refers to the ability of bacteria to alter their genetic material and mutate to avoid destruction by antibiotic medications rendering the drugs ineffective in fighting infection and disease. This resistance has had tragic effects as numerous of the resistant infections have resulted in death of the host. Because of the severity of this

about the determination of Antibiotic resistance that relies on the fitness effects of resistance elements in the absence of antibiotics. Angst and Hall tentatively developed rifampicin-resistant and delicate Escherichia coli in drug-free environment, before measuring the impacts of new resistance components on fitness in antibiotic free conditions. Streptomycin resistance changes had little fitness impacts in rifampicin-resistant genotypes that had adjusts to antibiotic free environment , contrasted

Introduction Antibiotics are amongst the most important medical discoveries and their introduction represents a remarkable success story (Hedin, 2011). The term antibiotics literally means against life (Walsh, 2000). Thus antibiotics can be used against any microbe such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. However, some people use the term to only apply to bacteria, but in this paper, the more appropriate term will be used. Widespread use of antibiotics has been very controversial in the

rise in antibiotic resistance. Some bacteria that can cause serious disease are becoming resistant to most commonly available antibiotics. Antibiotic medications are used to kill bacteria, which can cause disease and illness. A major contribution to human health is antibiotic medication. Many diseases that once killed people in the past can now be treated effectively with antibiotics. However, it has come to the surface that some bacteria have become resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Antibiotic

exposed to antibiotics, they are not always guaranteed to die. This is called antibiotic resistance. Sometimes antibiotics can only stop the bacteria from multiplying (make it stagnate), and other times it causes the bacteria to multiply even more. These three results depend on antibiotic concentration, bacterial mutation, and bacterial genetic exchange. One big factor in the resistance bacteria show towards antibiotics is antibiotic concentration. Usually, if large amounts of an antibiotic are attacking

previously discussed, antibiotics often work by targeting critical functions of the bacterial cell. This means that antibiotics have specific targets, which is a boon because it means non-microbial life will not be affected by the antibiotics. However, because of this specificity, bacteria can develop ways of protecting themselves from antibiotics, leading to the rise of antibiotic resistance Like any other organism, bacterium are subject to evolutionary pressure. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is rarely

Antibiotic resistance Key facts • Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats to global health, Food security and development. • Antibiotic resistance can affect anyone of any race, size and gender. • Antibiotic resistance takes place naturally, however misusing antibiotics can increase the process in animals and humans. • Infections can become harder to treat due to antibiotics used to treat the infection or diseases have become less effective. Antibiotics are used to treat and prevent

Antibiotic Resistance: The Setting Antibiotic resistance can develop wherever antibiotics are: medical facilities, animal products and communities. Breaks in infection control, inadequate water sanitation and poor hygiene all contribute to the spread of resistant bacteria from person to person (Collignon, et al., 2015). The majority of antibiotic usage worldwide is in animals raised as a food source (Collignon, et al., 2015). 80% of antibiotic use in the United States is for growth promotion and

are resistant to antibiotics, it will be more difficult and more expensive to treat human bacterial infections. When antibiotics fail to work, consequences include extra visits to the doctor, hospitalization or extended hospital stays, a need for more expensive antibiotics to replace the older ineffective ones, lost workdays and, sometimes, death. Antibiotics are called "societal drugs," since antibiotic resistance can pass from bacterium to bacterium (see About antibiotic resistance), and resistant