Antigen

#################################3 Antibody binding of antigens represents a critical part of the adaptive immune system’s ability to identify and eliminate invading pathogens. The antibodies are able to do so due to the binding of their antigen-binding domains to specific epitopes along an antigen’s surface. These epitopes can exist in linear, structural, and posttranslationally modified forms that

Response # 2 Hello Marvis Bellagwa, I enjoyed reading your great post. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) analysis is indeed the utmost essential test in men’s health utilized to screen substantial populaces for prostate cancer, which have shown to decrease the number of men with advanced prostate cancer. According to Moyer (2012), the U.S Preventive Service Task Force {USPSTF} indicated there is greatest controversial related to the efficacy or actual believability in the discovery and following

5.0 Laboratory Tests 5.1 Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Table 2: Summary of characteristics Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) Characteristic Data Comments Classification PSA is a glycoprotein produced by the prostate epithelial cells Cancer may elevate levels both from increased production and because tissue barriers between the gland lumen and vascular bed are disrupted. PSA Levels PSA has a half-life of 2.2 days and elevated levels vary in recovery depending on the cause of the elevation PSA elevation

The immune response is made up of first, second, and third line defenses. The first two defenses are considered innate responses. These responses are non-specific and typically in place at birth. The first line of defense against pathogens includes the skin and mucous membranes. If a pathogen makes it past these defenses the second and third line of defense step in. The second line of defense includes phagocytes, fever, natural killer cells, inflammation, and antimicrobial proteins. In many cases

Tissue microarray Tissue micro arrays (TMAs) was introduced by Kononen et al. in 1998 157. This technique is based on the assembly of separate tissue cores on a paraffin block, which may contain up to 1000 cores. TMA can be used for several purposes, in which the detection of protein is the most common. In this thesis, prognosis/outcome based arrays was applied to evaluate the prognostic value of various proliferation markers. Several advantages and disadvantages are associated with TMA compared

pieces of virus or the killed/weakened virus (also known as the antigen) in the vaccine as a foreign invader. Our immune system will then start an immune response by producing proteins called antibodies. The antibody proteins produced by our body during an immune response will then identify and neutralize these foreign viruses or viral particles” (Understanding Vaccines, 2014). Having had this first initial attack from the antigen allows for a faster immune response in any future

been incorporated new molecular techniques such as the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Western blot and improved older techniques through the use of recombinant antigens, monoclonal antibodies and synthetic peptides (Okonko et al., 2006). Nowadays, the molecular

shown to enhance cytotoxic T cell and cytokine immune responses upon subsequent application of various antigens and adjuvants to the skin in mice [56]. Similarly electrode preparation pads, emery paper, rubbing gauze or pumice on the skin removes cells by their abrasive effects and have been found to enhance immune responses in humans [57]. Mild hyperthermia with abrasion enhances transport of antigen into the skin, present it to LCs, migration of activated LCs to lymph nodes and trigger cascade of immune

When an antigen is detected, several types of cells work together to recognize and respond to it. These cells trigger the B cells to produce antibodies. Antibodies and their responding antigens fit together like a key and a lock. Although antibodies can recognize an antigen and lock onto it, they are not capable of destroying it without help. That is the job of the specific T cells, also called “killer cells”. The T cells are part of the system that destroys antigens that have been tagged by antibodies

Meningococcal Disease Treatments and Vaccines Meningococcal disease is a large concern in the medical field because it is unbiased towards the patients it infects. There has been limited success in trying to eliminate this disease. Antibiotics play a role in helping to treat patients with bacterial meningitis, and steroids have been tested to help reduce risk factors. Prevention has also become a key issue because meningitis can only be spread through direct contact with infected body fluid. The