Antipope

In Canto 18, Dante and Virgil enter into the eighth circle of the fraudulent. This is the place in hell known as Malebolge which contains 10 “pouches of evil (line 2).” The sinners at the bottom of the first ditch are all nude, running in different directions. At each end, “ horned devils” whip the sinners backs. Amongst the crowd Dante recognizes Venedico Caccianemico and wonders how he ended up in here. Venedico admits that he forced his sister Ghisolabella to “ the bed of the Marchese (line 56)

Giovanni’s friendship with Baldassare Cossa. Cardinal Cossa deserted his allegiance to Pope Gregory XII during the Western Schism and convened the Council of Pisa. His main objective was to end the schism. They tried deposing of Pope Gregory XII and Antipope Benedict XIII by electing another Pope, Pope Alexander V in 1409. Gregory and Benedict ignored this decision, so now there were three popes. Pope Alexander V died soon after which made way for Baldassare himself. Baldassare Cossa was consecrated

were: simony which was the buying of something spiritual, clerical marriage (religious people getting married), and lay investiture which was when a high ranking person appointed bishops and demanded their loyalty. A king could easily appoint an antipope, or a pope of his liking, instead of having the Church cautiously decide who becomes the new

In 1380, when Catherine of Siena passed on, there was a Pope as well as an antipope; when Joan was conceived, in 1412, there was a Pope and additionally two antipopes. Notwithstanding this inside gash in the Church, were the persistent fratricidal wars among the Christian people groups of Europe, the most sensational of which was the extended Hundred Years' War amongst

Religion in the renaissance was always changing, and had reforming tendencies. From the Catholic Inquisition to the Disciples of Calvinism on the other side of the spectrum. The roots of this problem happens when the Eastern Orthodox church and the Catholic church split in 1054. This impacted religion in the papacy, ideas, and the process of understanding religion. Religion is a belief or worship in or at a in a greater power, deity, god or god like being.(Ex. god, Gundi, and Zeus) The meaning of

The Protestant Reformation truly changed the world, but it didn’t just happen in one short revolution. There were many factors and events that contributed to the Protestant Reformation. Among these events, there were two “Great Schisms” that lent themselves to the reformation. The first occurred in 1054, and dealt with the splitting of the eastern orthodox catholic church, and the roman catholic church. This precursor event lead to the second, and more relevant Great Schism of 1378, where multiple

Donatello was the greatest Italian sculptor before Michelangelo and was the most influential artist of the 15th century in Italy. Donatello was born in Florence, in 1386, and was recognized by populars sculptors and quickly learned the gothic style. By 1408, Donatello was working to the cathedral and there, he completed a life-size marble sculpture named David.The sculpture was in the Gothic style, and was placed in Palazzo Vecchio (the town hall) as a symbol of the challenge of authority to the

Presbyterian Denomination of Christianity The Presbyterian Church is a branch of Reformed Protestantism established by John Knox. This variant of Christianity derives its name from Presbyterian form of ecclesiastical polity. The church is governed by representatives of elders or ministers.It also primarily follows Calvinism since Knox was in Geneva along with Calvin and took his teachings back to Scotland where Presbyterian form of church started. Protestant Reformation was due to several reasons

The banker became very good friends with the pope of the time, Antipope John XXIII, where Giovanni de Medici became well established as his banker. Furthermore this gave Giovanni’s bank more credibility. In 1421, he also served as Gonfaloniere of Justice, a government position during the medieval and Renaissance period

Barbarossa, in 1157, of the word sacrum to the name of the empire, which then became the Sacrum Imperium (Holy Empire) as a counterbalance to the Sancta Ecclesia (Holy Church). Equally characteristic was the canonization of Charlemagne by Frederick’s antipope Paschal III in 1165. In this way Frederick emphasized continuity with the Frankish past and asserted his rights as Charlemagne’s successor. They derived, he argued, not from conferment by the pope or by the Roman people but from Frankish conquest