Aptamer

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEWS ON BIOSENSORS AND RISK PERPECTION AND COMMUNICATIONS 1) INTRODUCTION In time past, work relating to this project has been done. This Chapter aims at reviewing such works, compare research studies and provide a work base for this project. Cancer diagnosis is presently undergoing a paradigm shift with the integration of molecular biomarkers as part of a routine diagnostic panel. The molecular shift ranges from those comprising of the DNA, RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins

The human body transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body using the vascular system1. When a person acquires an injury that causes him/her to bleed, the body has a natural defense to repair it1; this is the basis of hemostasis, the formation and/or dissolution of blood clots2. Localizing and amplifying coagulation proteases and their subsequent cofactor complexes maintain hemostasis3. The inhibition and/or modification of these same coagulation proteases throughout the rest of the body,

Theophylline is inexpensive and worldwide it remains one of the most widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of airway diseases. It has been used for over 70 years in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nonetheless, theophylline has newly turn into a third-line treatment in many modern countries that is only used in some poorly controlled patients. Various protocols of therapy assisted this. It has even been recommended that theophylline is not indicated in

Researchers daily utilize the knowledge of the mechanism of gene expression, allowing them to operate in different areas. An example is the imposition of certain conditions to micro-organisms, which are capable of producing drugs or induce cells to function properly, which is of great importance in medicine. Great emphasis is placed on control systems based on proteins but recently research started to also focus on the use of systems based on RNA, which is equally as polypeptides involved in the

Cancer is the one of the leading cause of death both in economically developed as well as developing countries (Jemal, Bray et al. 2011). Although a number of chemotherapeutic drugs can considerably shrink tumor sizes, but they often fail to eradicate tumors completely (Sun, Wen et al. 2011) or have other limitations like toxicity and very high cost. Resistance to chemotherapeutic regime is a major reason nowadays for failure of anticancer treatments. Thus, there is always the quest for a molecule

have limited side effects. 3) It must have low toxicity. 4) It must be scalable and cost-effective. 5) The product must stimulate the immune system. The platform technology we have created satisfies all of the criteria. Our design is a DNA Origami-Aptamer-CpG complex that has the ability to target may different types of venoms. Though the specifics of the technology will be explained more in

This assay is much more sensitive and requires less sample preparation than widely used techniques. Aptamers may also be nanoengineered that are able to selectively bind to PrPSc and prevent it from inducing conformational changes, effectively neutralizing it. Another approach to differentiating PrP isoforms is nanocalorimetry, which can also assist in determining the function of PrPC and a more precise description of how PrPSc converts PrPC into more PrPSc. As Lee, Lee and Koh (2012) proclaim, "heat

Detecting bacteria is a rapidly expanding field of research, producing innovative and effective ways of overcoming a variety of existing limitations. Current laboratory based bacterial detection and identification techniques often require long procedures, provide low sensitivity and specificity as well as slow turnaround times. These conventional techniques include microscopy, culturing bacteria, polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and biochemical assays. There is a heavy emphasis on developing new

Objective 3: Rational engineering of dynamic crystals to fit a wide variety of enzymes and substrates. The previous objectives dealt with build dynamic crystals and modeling it dynamics. In objective 3, we will customize the dynamic crystals for a wide range of enzymes and characterize design principles needed to operate multiple modules of crystals, each containing different enzymes, in one pot. This will be a step towards making scalable multi-modular circuits. Task 1: The strand interactions

Abstract Aim of this project is to study opportunities and challenges of novel biosensor technology for cancer diagnosis/prognosis and how people perceive the technology in relation to the risk involve. Study shows the earlier cancer is been perceived in a person, higher chance of there being a cure for it. Lately, most cancers are detected and diagnosed after it has fully grown. Hence, sensitive and accurate methods for early detection of relevant biomarkers for clinical diagnosis are of essence