Asymmetric dimethylarginine

Obstructive sleep apnea: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep–breathing disorder characterized by momentary episodes of either complete breathing cessation for periods of ten seconds or more (apnea) or significant reductions in breathing amplitude (hypopnea) caused by a collapsed or obstructed airway; these two conditions can lead to hypoxemia (low levels of oxygen in blood) and hypercapnia (high levels of carbon dioxide in blood). Patients are categorized as having mild, moderate or severe

Question: Analyze the rise of asymmetric warfare. Provide illustrations and assess how it has reshaped behaviors and outcomes. The “asymmetry” in asymmetric warfare is an inherently relational concept. It refers to an irregular conflict that is distinct by the relative dissimilarity between opponents’ in battle. The asymmetry is derived from the character of warfare and dictated by the difference in relational power amid warring sides. This asymmetry has tended to be in terms of status and organization;

With the focus on terror-based groups and the Middle East over the last fifteen years, many in the United States (US) are unfamiliar with the threat more conventional nation-states pose to the country’s national security. China, Iran, and Russia are seen as the three biggest threats to U.S. national security. Although Russia does not dominate the intelligence disciplines of HUMINT, OSINT, and cyber, its strengths in SIGINT, IMINT, and MASINT make it the biggest threat to the US. HUMINT Russia’s

Throughout history the nature of warfare has remained the same, it is “a violent clash of interests between or among organized groups characterized by the use of military force,” however, the character of war is constantly changing. The means by which wars are fought are no longer limited to easily identifiable conventional forces, nor do non-traditional actors abide by the same set of international standards and rules of law. The United States can no longer expect to face a purely conventional

Before the industrial revolution, most economic growth came from trade and specialization rather than technological growth. But trade had its advantages and its disadvantages. In pre-modern trade, the major defect was the principal-agent problem, and this problem would prevent any rise of trade, but since early, people could manage to find some ways to deal with the principal-agent problem in order to exchange goods and services and to trigger economic growth. In pre-modern era, some societies started

Insurgency must not be jumbled up with terrorism as they overlap somehow but are totally different entities. These two such concepts probably lead to more confusion than any other thing. Guerilla warfare and insurgencies are often inferred to be similar with terrorism. One rationale for this is that insurgencies has similar targets as that of terrorism. However, if we examine specific differences, a prime difference is that an insurgency is a movement against the authorities with specific aim. Its

Shakespeare in Hamlet wrote, “by indirection finds direction out.” Although used in a different, the quote directly relates to the principle of asymmetric warfare. Andrew J. Mack first used a name for this tactic of war in his 1975 book, “Why Big Nations Lose Small Wars.” Asymmetric simply means that two sides are not the same. This type of warfare can be used between groups of people or countries. Just like any war, the motivation can be economic, religious, or political. Asymmetrical warfare

As noted in the Small Wars Manual (SWM), “Regular war never takes exactly the form of any of its predecessors, so, even to a greater degree is each small war somewhat different from anything that preceded it. The SMW was originally published in 1935 and written as a response to a call for doctrine after the Philippine War and numerous small wars in Central and South America, the banana wars. Military leadership recognized the importance of irregular warfare and unfortunately due to World War II,

The wars at the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the new century are entirely different from the other ones, mainly since September 11th, 2011. The nature of the strategic environment of the warfare has undergone a series of transformations because of the globalization, technology, economic relationships, and cultural changes. They influence the war and create an environment characterized as volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA). This new environment has shifted the conventional

There is a general discord among stakeholders on the definition of irregular warfare and where the term and concept fits within the joint and the individual services’ doctrine. The 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review report uses the term “irregular” only once in its one hundred and five pages and only in terms of a focus on building the joint force’s capability and capacity to deal with irregular warfare while maintaining a clear conventional and nuclear global superiority. Currently, the definition