Authority

Power and authority organize people in bureaucratic structures. The hierarchical structure of these organizations dictates the scope of authority that each individual has relative to their respective position. Standardized rules, methods, and procedures within the bureaucratic structure stimulate strict discipline as an essential element for success. The organizations are impersonal places to work and do not conform to the needs of the workers. Historically, power and authority in bureaucratic structures

Background The New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) is the “largest public housing authority in the nation” (Developments, 2015). In existence since 1934 (About NYCHA: NYCHA at 70, 2015), NYCHA is a low to moderate income public housing initiative consisting of 328 developments throughout all five boroughs of New York City. More than 400,000 residents benefit from these developments through the receipt of not only apartments but additional services provided by each development and New York City

Political Authority: A NEED There is a form of government in every modern society. Grant it, there are many different political powers but regardless, there is someone, or some group of persons that has formal authority which makes laws, enforces them and punishes those that do not abide. But where does it come from is the question. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Aristotle have theories and ideas that give us a clue. They present ideas concerning different forms of authority; how authority has evolved;

The authority of an agent is the act which he is allowed or authorised to do by his principal, and which will bind his/her principal. Usually, the principal will only be bound by the act of the agent if the agent acts within his/her authority. There are two types of authority which an agent could rely on, namely actual authority and apparent or ostensible authority.  Actual authority is the authority given by the principal to the agent and could be in written or oral form. The capacity of an

man who exercises authority, there is a man who resists authority” (Wilde). In both readings there were authority figures and there were protestors of such authority. In the Milgram Experiment the man who presented himself in the white lab coat and stood in the same room as the subjects was the authority figure. The Ones’ Who Walked Away From Omelas showcased the people in charge of enforcing the rules of the city, including how the child was supposed to be treated, as the authority figures. Although

Obedience You have to make choices whether to follow the rules of not. To be obedient means to comply with an order, request, or submission to another’s authority. This authority has the power to make an individual obey in ways that go against their personal and moral values. Because of this the authority can make individuals commit terrible acts without question. An example of this can be the abhorrent and inhumane acts carried out by German soldiers in WWII. All the German troops’ orders were

will too. Just as parents shape their children, authority figures shape their societies. Authority figures have great impact on the common people, for if they act in dishonest or fraudulent manners, the society considers it acceptable to do the same. Such reflections between authority figures and society are seen throughout Gabriel Marquez’s Chronicle of a Death Foretold and Albert Camus’s The Stranger. With societies constantly looking to authority figures for guidance, Marquez and Camus satirically

an authority figure who commands him to execute acts that conflict with his moral beliefs. Milgram discovers that the majority of participants do obey to authority. In this research, the subjects are misled because they are part of a learning experience that is not about what they are told. This experiment was appropriate despite this. Throughout the process, subjects are exposed to various signs that show them

Panopticism is a central theme in Being John Malkovich; Panopticism is a mechanism for gaining power and keeping it, where criminals who are constantly under surveillance, internalize fear and involuntarily take into their mind the concepts of the authority figure. Such a mechanism allows power to easily by disseminated without being weakened. Being John Malkovich demonstrates the idea of panopticism by portraying the loss of security for free will and individual thinking. This is

dramatization, fragmentation, and authority-disorder bias (Bennett, 2012). While Bennett voices concerns of adverse consequences, scholars Ozen Bas and Maria Elizabeth Grabe argue that biases like personalization can help people with lower education levels retain information better (Bas & Grabe, 2015). Referencing two news clips and an article, this essay argues that media biases rampant across platforms have good intent to get