Avignon Papacy

The First Crusade took place from 1096 to 1099. When the Byzantine army was defeated by the Seljuk Turks at the battle of Manzikirt, this created an outburst of chaos and civil war within themselves. When Alexius Comnemus took the throne, she decided to send Pope Urban II a letter asking for help. Pope Urban made a speech declaring the call for a Crusade to fight against the Seljuk Turks. Urban asked Christians to join forces to work to free the Holy Land from Muslim invaders. Pope Urban II convinced

soon became the Roman Catholic Church. On the other hand, the East maintained traditions and at the Council of Chalcedon, Pope Leo disagreed with the decision to make Constantinople equal to Rome and fought for papal primacy. Written in Pope Leo’s papacy was the greatest mission taken place that when the empire collapses, the only way to protect all was the conversion of the barbarians. When Christendom was created, it paved the way to the conversion of the barbarians. When Clovis, for example, was

Canto 5 In the 5th canto Dante enters the second circle of Hell. Here, Dante places the unchaste lovers. This shows that Dante was heavily influenced by the puritanical extremism of the Medieval Catholic Church. The Medieval Catholic Church demonized the feeling of love. It considered the feeling sexual attraction as something impure, which is why all church bishops had to be virgin. Dante uses his own character’s emotions to show an important philosophical problem about the immorality of extramarital

part of the Third order of Saint Dominic, at first against her parents’ wishes. She was named a Doctor of the Church in 1970. She obtained this title by writing over four hundred letters to the current pope and various leaders, trying to restore the Papacy to Rome and bring peace among the whole of Italy. Catherine also provided for the poor and took care of the sick for endless hours. For most of her life, she survived on the Holy Eucharist alone, being so repulsed by food that she could not stomach

Chapter 10 1) The Norman conquest- After the Norman’s conquest, he treated England like a possession. The conquest had a dramatic change, such as in Anglo-Saxon England had limited land and big families controlled lots of land and acted independently. In France he was the King of England and a vassal to the King of France. Magna Carta- the Magna Carta was aimed to limit government practices which will affect the kings and vassals. It’s a feudal document. It gave recognition that the monarch has

years of growth and strong leadership, the Roman Church began to suffer its grip on the faithfulness of the European people. This downfall was inevitable due to the strict policies of the Popes that had tremendous power. During the centuries, the papacy suffered a major decline in authority due to several events and movements. These include, the incident between King Philip IV and Boniface III, the Great Schism and post- Black Death. In the end, I strongly agree that the Pope’s power had declined

Part I--Questions 1.) The three calamities in Chapter 9 are the Hundred Years’ War, the Black Death, and the Great Schism. The Hundred Years’ War, from 1337 to 1453, began when the English king Edward III believed he was the true heir to the French throne. In addition, England owned territories in France, which the French disliked. Furthermore, England and France both wanted possession of Flanders, a French fief dependent on England. At first the English had the upper hand and even had a English

appease French kings who now controlled massive amounts of power over all Catholic religious institutions. The Papacy moved towards a more bureaucratic system and the devotedness of those who are suppose to be representing God on Earth came into question. The largest point of conflict was once The Council of Pisa elected Alexander V and attempted to dispose the two other claimants to The Papacy, overall this attempt failed and supposedly three men on earth held the keys to heaven, yet all claimed one

clearly exemplified by the Great Schism that took place from 1378 to 1417 . The Great Schism was the result of the Babylonian Captivity, in which the papacy was forced to relocate to Avignon . Soon after returning to Rome, conflict arose within the papacy resulting in three popes fighting for the title. “When the Council of Constance unified the papacy in 1417 with the election of Martin V, the pope’s political authority outside of the

Born in Bohemia between 1368-1371, John Huss strived to investigate the truth in Christian doctrines and traditions. Following the publications of John Wycliffe, Huss was influenced by his ideas and writings in regards to the Church. Throughout his life, Huss develops his own ideas about the Church and its religious traditions. However, with conflicting ideas with the Roman Catholic Church, the Church views his ideas as heretical and sentences him to death. After 100 years of the death of John Huss