Axon

hold the genetic information needed to make protein. Dendrites receive impulses from other cells at the synapses and transmit them to the cell body. Axons carry outgoing information to target cells. Neuron has only one axon that includes Axon Hillock. Axon Hillock is the originate place for action potential; Axon collaterals are the branches of axon; Axon terminals which are the sites of neurotransmitter release myelin sheath. The body neuron usually generates an electrical signal and this result in

It is known that following primary sensory axonal injury there is a slight increase in regeneration of their central axons, meaning that the increase in growth status after injury causes regeneration. Previous studies have looked into conditioning lesion and found that primary sensory neurons can in fact increase their growth capacity and enhance regeneration after injury, activating ciliary neurotrophic factors (CNTF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the cAMP signaling pathway among others in conditioning

One man, one brain and one hundred trillion synapse. It takes a moment for one to experience damage to ones brain and neurons within the brain and a lifelong journey of recovery. The brain consists of many neurons which are single nerves. This essay intends to discuss whether there is effective recovery from brain damage by describing the intricate process of neural networks in the brain. It will include the fascinating and continuously evolving process of neuroplasticity. It will elaborate on the

it is made of oligodendrocytes. One oligodendrocyte can myelinate many axons. In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is made of a Schwann cell. One Schwann cell can myelinate only one axon. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells form myelin by wrapping around the axon. The myelin sheath is a good insulator. It also creates low capacitance. This means that fewer ions are needed to charge and discharge the membrane of the axon. Myelin also clusters ions channels between myelin sheaths. These clusters

cells because they have a cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, as well as carry out many of the same processes as a cell (i.e protein synthesis). But, a neuron is unlike a cell in that they have special structures such as dendrites and axons, communicate through electrochemical processes, and contain special chemicals called neurotransmitters (instead of hormones). On average, a neuron fires 200 times per second. When it is not firing, the neuron is at rest. At rest, the neuron has an

contraction. A single alpha motor neuron can innervate a large number of skeletal muscle fibres since motor neuron (approximately 420,000) are outnumbered by muscle fibres (approximately 200 million). This is achieved by the branching of a single motor axon in the muscle to synapse on numerous distinct fibres that are well spread over a large area within the muscle so the contractile force would scatter uniformly. Motor units are sorted according to speed of contractions, amount of tension generated

conduction velocity of propagation is important because it controls the flow of information necessary for vital cognitive functions. The axon of a nerve cell is insulated via the process of myelination in which oligodendrocytes concentrically wrap the axon in layers of myelin (Hill, Wyse, & Anderson, 2012). In myelinated axons the only exposed regions of the axon and thus the only loci of ion flow across the axonal membrane are called the

processing units in the central nervous system that receive and transmit information. It is made up of an axon, dendrites and a cell body. The nucleus and cytoplasm are contained in the cell body. The axon starts from the cell body, dividing into smaller branches and then ends at the nerve terminals. The dendrites also branch from the cell body, receiving information from the other neurons. Axons from other neurons forms

dendrites create a two-dimensional meshwork in which developing branches frequently encounter other dendrites (different from CNS where axons and dendrites form 3D by interaction) • when deficient in Dscam function, individual dendrites do not recognize sister branches and fail to initiate repulsion, leading to a

INTRODUCTION In neural signaling, axons transmit trains of action potentials from soma to dendrites, where synaptic transmission takes place. Until a decade ago it was thought that axonal trunk doesn’t play any important role in neural communication except conducting spikes faithfully. However, it has become clear that because of the existence of many voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels in the non-synaptic areas of axons, different neuromodulators, especially monoamines, may have some effects