Bacteria

Stain: The Gram Stain test was ran. The unknown bacteria F#1729 was stained and the result was Gram Negative (-). This result identifies the layer of peptidoglycan being thin. This thin outer membrane is composed of lipopolysaccharides that are not able to retain the crystal violet iodine used, instead they slough off when rinsed with the ethanol alcohol. This leaves the color unretained and the counterstain safranin is absorbed, staining the bacteria pink. Once the slide was ready, we were able to

medicine that will prevent or inhibit bacteria which is causing the infection. Many people think that antibiotics can completely cure their infection by taking them, but many people do not realize the importance of antibiotic resistance and the evolution of bacteria. Studies show that twenty-three thousand out of two million with infection dies because antibiotic resistance(Center for Disease Control). What exactly is antibiotic resistance and how did bacterias become resistant

Bordet. The bacteria within the Bordetella genus are Gram-negative and rod-shaped. These bacteria are typically coccobacilli (coccoid) (Finger). These bacteria usually occur either in pairs or are single. They have a thin murein layer surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide and phospholipids, and they do produce a capsule (Bordetella, 2010). All the species apart from B. petrii are obligate aerobes as well as highly fastidious. The Bordetella bacteria are

naturally occurring antibiotics. By utilizing the Kirby-Bauer method, researchers and clinicians are able to determine the susceptibility of given microorganisms to different antibiotics and antimicrobials. While antibiotics specifically target bacteria, antimicrobials cast a

Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria is able to evolve in such a way enabling the bacteria to survive in the conditions it is in, consequently causing antibiotics being ineffective to the patient (CDC, 2013). Due to this issue implementations and actions have been taken to aid in the reduction of antibiotic resistance. The way that bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics can be in three ways which are; genetic mutation, gaining resistance from another bacteria and some are naturally resistant

Sick all of the time? You might want to blame your gut! There are trillions of microorganisms living within us, greatly outnumbering our cells and genes. They are found in our skin, hair, membranes, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tracts. Collectively these microorganisms are called our microbiota. Every individual has a unique microbiota, kind of like a fingerprint, but usually share similar metabolic functions. A vast majority of these are harmless and even beneficial to us, these are

1. Based on Chapter 2: Of Microbes and Men (Pages 28 – 51) a. Describe in details the four ways in which bacteria increase their genetic diversity. (10 points) One of the four ways that bacteria can increase their genetic diversity is by conjugation. This is a process by which a bacterium can transfer genetic material to another bacterium of different mating type, through direct contact. During conjugation one bacterium is going to be the receptor of the genetic material while the other is going

Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum bacteria and it was first recognized in Europe during the late 15th century. There are evidences that supports that the disease originated in the New World. Scholars have found bones in Europe from pre-Columbian times, which show signs and characteristics of infection with syphilis. Columbus and his crew were responsible for transporting syphilis on their voyages during the renaissance period. A new study examines subspecies of Treponema and from that it suggests

Beta-lactam antibiotics include Penicillins and Cephalosporins that contain a chemical structure called a beta lactam ring. This structure is capable of binding to the enzymes that crosslink peptidoglycans. Beta-lactams interfere with cross linking by binding to enzymes preventing bacterial cell wall synthesis. By inhibiting cell wall synthesis, it then becomes damaged and the internal osmotic pressure causes the cell wall to rupture or burst because of the low osmotic pressure on the external

that dangerous bacteria and diseases will develop. The high demand of food needs for humans will potentially lead to larger populations of livestock. The industrialization of livestock using non-therapeutic anti-microbial growth promoters have reduced the effectiveness of antibiotics for treating infections in humans. “We may be entering a period where there would be no effective antibiotics available for treating many life-threatening infections in humans ().” When it comes to bacteria and diseases