Bacteriophage

The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is becoming a grave and global medical problem. This is because whenever antibiotics are taken the development of resistance is a given consequence; bacteria adapt to changing environmental conditions through the continuous process of evolution. The main issue with antibiotics is not whether but when antibiotic resistance will occur. This resistance is caused by the lack of new antibiotics available and continuing over-prescription of antibiotics. Any bacteria

Biocontrol of seven Vero-toxigenic E. coli with lytic bacteriophage for lettuce, sprouts, and seeds With the high morbidity and mortality in hemorrhagic colitis outbreaks caused by E. coil O157:H4, Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) was first described in Canada during the 1980s (Woodward 2002) Verotoxigenic E coli (VTEC) or Shiga-toxigenic E coli, including O157:H7 and other non-O157 serogroups, include O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145, which are increasingly cause foodborn illness in United

in the human medicine. Reports of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals there. Bacteriophages or simply phages, viruses that attack bacteria and kill them. These viruses are specific to bacteria and can not attack to eukaryotic cells. The primary objective of this study was to isolate and determination effective phage titer

Luria; Founder of Microbiology- Iqra Hasan Salvador Luria was an extremely remarkable person in Microbiology.. He emigrated from his native country of Italy in 1940. He is most known for his amazing work done in the United States. His work on bacteriophage brought up many new topics in virology, bacteriology, and biochemistry. Salvador Luria was born in 1912 in Turin, Italy. His parents were David Luria and Ester Sacerdote. After he finished high school he enrolled in medical school at the University

Summary# 3 Directed Mutagenesis By using a set of techniques that change specific amino acids encoded by a cloned gene, proteins with properties that are better suited than those of naturally occurring counterparts can be created by therapeutic and industrial application. Theoretically, these changes can be made out either the protein or the gene level. However, chemical modifications of proteins are generally harsh, nonspecific, and required repeatedly for each batch of proteins, so it is preferable

Any bacteria can undergo viral infections and are called bacteriophages. When a bacteriophage infects a bacterium, it can become a latent or lytic infection. In a lytic infection, the bacterium is killed, and numerous bacterium are released. A plague is a lawn of bacteria that can be visually seen as a cleared area on an agar plate. One plaque is the result if repetitive infections and replications by one original virus particle. Plagues are clear areas in the agar medium that were previously seeded

The discovery of DNA is arguably one of the most important breakthroughs of genetics in the 19th and 20th centuries. Its discovery is littered with successes, failures, and even heartache. Numerous scientists are attributed to the discovery of DNA as a genetic material and even many more are also credited to the discovery of the molecule, structure, and function. Without the work of these remarkable scientists, the medical advancements over the last 50 years would not be possible. In 1865

BIO 206 Writing Assignment #3 Detailed Focus Question: What role do the structural changes in GTPase domains between TubZ and the rest of the Tubulin family play in the function of TubZ in plasmids and bacteriophages? Introduction - Before examining the structural differences between TubZ and the rest of the Tubulin family, it will be necessary to give background on both. Specifically, what Tubulin is and the common characteristics of the Tubulin family,

the year 1960 biologist Werner Arber was leading a research team studying the effects of radiation on microorganisms at the University of Geneva, Switzerland when a startling phenomenon sidetracked him. He was attempting to infect e Coli with a bacteriophage known as phage lambda when he observed that the virus was not spreading hardly at all (Arber, 1978). Arbers initial impulse was that this was an example of host-controlled modification, a phenomenon observed by biologists Joe Bertani and Jean Weilge

CRISPR/Cas9 In 2012, at the University of California, Berkeley, CRISPR/Cas9 was invented. Since its creation it has become exceedingly popular and scientists are discovering more and more ways to use this gene editing technique. Even though CRISPR/Cas9 was just discovered around 4 years ago, the CRISPR/Cas system itself was first observed in bacteria (E.coli). It was what CRISPR was doing in the bacteria that makes it so unique. CRISPR stands for, “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic