Bacteriophage

need one low dose so it is most likely going to be more effective since there shouldn’t patient cooperation issues. Another advantage of using bacteriophages is that new phages are being discovered everyday leading to more breakthroughs in disease control, bacterial contamination, and many other issues. Though there are many advantages to using bacteriophages there are a few disadvantages. One disadvantage is that in order to prescribe phages doctors will need to have an extended amount of knowledge

treat diseases. It’s interesting to think you can take a virus to destroy a bacterium. In fact, there are naturally occurring viruses called bacteriophages, meaning eats bacteria, which attack them. This was discovered before the discovery of antibiotics, but bacteriophages initially were not successful. Soon antibiotics became the tool of choice and bacteriophages became a disregarded avenue to fight bacteria. Unfortunately, the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria is a growing concern because the

formula: Table 1 1:100,000 640 564 720 650 Average =643 Plaque Assay=Average # plaques/(D*V) where, D= Dilution factor, V= Volume of diluted virus added to the well So, our result will be = 643/ (10 ^ -6*0.1) =6.43 *10^9 Discussion Bacteriophage effect on Escherichia coli population growth Figure 1, illustrated that the growth of the both Escherichia coli K¬12 samples, with and without the virus, began to grow at a similar rate. This was expected because the phage had to adhere to the

Lyme disease is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorfer, this bacterium is transmitted to humans through ticks. Borrelia burgdorferi is a gram negative bacterium that belongs to the spirochetes class, its usually 1um wide but can be up to 10-25um long. Some of the structures that Borrelia burgdorferi have are the flagellum, which allows the bacterium to migrate through viscous fluids (i.e. blood) and burrow through tissues, the bacterium also has outer surface proteins that are OspA and OspC which

proteins or DNA were responsible for the transfer of genetic material. In 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase published results of experiments that provided defining evidence that DNA is the transforming factor. These experiments involved a bacteriophage, a type of virus that infects bacterial cells. Three components made the experiment ideal for confirming that DNA is the genetic material: First, they are easy and inexpensive to maintain; second, they can produce new viruses rapidly by injecting

After receiving his Ph.D., Hershey took a position as a research assistant in the Department of Bacteriology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. There he worked with Jacques Jacob Bronfenbrenner, one of the pioneers in bacteriophage research in the United States. By continuing to search and understand the reproduction of viruses, the simplest form of life, Alfred Day Hershey made important discoveries about the nature of deoxyribonucleic acid

Escherichia coli K12 is a well-studied gram-negative bacteria. First isolated from the human gut, is one of the most used in molecular studies, being the knowledge obtained from studies of E. coli possible to apply to other organisms (Burton and Kaguni, 1997). Some enzymes have a crucial role in the transcription control, the topoisomerases enzymes play an important role in the level of DNA supercoiling, an important property of DNA and chromatin (Gilbert and Allan, 2014). The supercoiling level

How influenza replicates in the human body     Influenza, commonly called the fu, is a viral infection that attacks the respiratory system. 5 to 20 percent of Americans will be infected by the flu virus every year, causing about 200,000 hospitalizations and 36,000 deaths (Colds/Flu, National center for complementary and integrative health, nccih.nih.gov). The influenza virus enters the cell, injects its nucleic acid, transcribes the RNA, assembles the new virion, and begins lysis of the cell.    

A common alternative to the live attenuated vaccinations are inactivated, or killed, vaccines. Inactivated vaccines are produced by growing the virus in a medium and then inactivating it with heat and/or a chemical. Since the virus is inactivated, it is unable to cause infection, even in patients that suffer from immunodeficiency. Inactivated viruses are faced with limitations, however. Only viral vaccines containing the whole virus are available in this form, which includes; influenza; polio; rabies;

Tina Nguyen BIO 100 - 07 30 November 2015 Transmission and Survival of Foreign Genetic Material The biological findings of Charles Darwin contributed to revolutionizing modern understanding of evolution and genetics through the comparison of biodiversity and the trending similarities and differences among members of shared lineage. Darwin's observation of how the environment impacted the evolution of species as they adapted to their surroundings led to the understanding of how new environments may