Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome

Alprazolam is also classified as a benzodiazepine that helps facilitate sleep by producing a calming effect that helps in muscle relaxation and motor coordination. The drug also affects the Central Nervous System and the limbic and subcortical levels of the brain. The drug binds to specific receptors

diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance. 2. Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following a. The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance b. The same (or a closely related) substance is taken to relieve or

It is important to learn about substance and drug abuse to prevent addiction. According to a NIDA study on drug abuse education, research based substance abuse prevention programs are successful if implemented properly. According to the study, it drastically decreases substance abuse behavior. If people learn the psychological and physical effects of substance abuse and drugs, they are less likely to abuse them. Substance abuse affects all parts of a person’s life, including a wide variety of serious

Abuse and Alcoholism describes alcoholism as a disease whose signs and symptoms include: * craving for alcohol * loss of control, with difficulty or inability to stop drinking once alcohol consumption begins * physical dependence, causing alcohol withdrawal symptoms (such as nausea, anxiety, tremors, and diaphoresis) after alcohol intake ceases * alcohol tolerance--the desire or need to consume greater amounts of alcohol to obtain the same effect. Alcohol consumption is a major cause of morbidity

The brain is often exposed to various disturbance during the perioperative period in all age groups. Neurobehavioral disturbances during the perioperative period may manifest as: Emergence delirium postoperative delirium postoperative cognitive decline. Delirium is defined as a disturbed state of mind which is accompanied by confusion, restlessness, illusions, incoherence & sometimes hallucinations. There are many causesof delirium: a. Due to medical condition b. Due to Substance abuse c.

used empiric agent in this regard, but the staff need to be very vigilant upon potential, significant side-effects of this medication, including extrapyramidal symptoms, torsades de points, prolongation of the Q-T interval, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome(12). Although the exact mechanism of action of this medication in treating delirium is unknown, it is thought that haloperidol acts through antagonizing brain dopamine-2 receptor and reducing dopaminergic activity at the cerebral synapses and basal

SPECIAL POPULATION Psychiatrists often encounters patients who are in special situations such as pregnancy, extreme of ages and/or medically ill. These situations cause deviation from the normal physiological process of the body and renders the group vulnerable to adverse drug effect. Therefore it is crucial for the clinicians to have fair knowledge about appropriate medication selection and dosing while treating these special populations. Psychiatric illness during pregnancy is not an uncommon

the topic of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) was as issue that we were seeing more of in our region. I became more intrigued with topic when I attended a local infant/toddler conference and the opening panel spoke about NAS. In this research paper, I will be addressing what neonatal abstinence syndrome is, how NAS is effecting Tennessee, and what infant caregivers can do to help support these young

Valium was the most sold pharmasutical drug in the United States . In therapeutic doses diazepam has a much stronger sedative effect compared to barbiturates. Death rarely results from diazepam overdose. Diazepam pharmacologic classificaition is benzodiazepine and therapeutic classification is as an anti-anxiety agent, anticonvulsant, sedative/ hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant. You can use Diazepam for Anxiety Disorders and other issues. It can be used in the treatment of status epilepticus and

dopaminergics, opioids, steroids, polypharmacy Vascular-stroke, TIA, MI, arrhythmias, decompensated heart failure Stress-pain, chronic/terminal illness, traumatic event, immobilization, constipation/impaction, urinary retention Other-substance withdrawal, substance intoxication, traumatic head injury Predisposing Factors: Older age Cognitive impairment