Biomarker

CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND CHLORITE 105 7. ANALYTICAL METHODS The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting, measuring, and/or monitoring chlorine dioxide and chlorite, its metabolites, and other biomarkers of exposure and effect to chlorine dioxide and chlorite. The intent is not to provide an exhaustive list of analytical methods. Rather, the intention is to identify well-established methods that are used as the standard methods of analysis. Many

research has led to the development of what experts agree is the ultimate type of DNA model to date, which is likely to greatly enhance DNA research in the near future. Similarly, a separate study also engineered a new nanoscale tool for detecting DNA biomarkers, which is also a boon for genetic research endeavors in the future. A team of biologists at Harvard

modulate the immune system. With the use of biomarkers to measure these many areas that contribute to autoimmunity, it was shown that increase in levels of these biomarkers that help modulate the immune system also can be indicators of autoimmunity activity in the body. Each of the biomarkers were used as a different indicator of a different autoimmune disease. An example would be the use of prolactin, a hormone used to produce breastmilk, as a biomarker. Prolactin helps in the maturation of T cells

Chapter One: Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a airborne and contagious-infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli, usually establishes its infection in the lungs and known as pulmonary tuberculosis also can affect other sites and known as extrapulmonary tuberculosis (Rodrigo,2006; Comas,2009). Human Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem for both developed and developing countries , is the second cause of death in worldwide, after the human immunodeficiency

EVs as Pathogenic Mediators in NASH Cells release diverse types of membrane-bound extracellular vesicles into the extracellular milieu. These can be further classified into three main subgroups based on their cellular biogenesis: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies.21 Exosomes (~50-100 nm diameter) originate from the multivesicular body (MVB); MVBs are well-characterized endosomal precursors of the lysosomal degradation pathway. MVBs can also fuse with the plasma membrane. In this case

the genetic makeup of the tumor. Nowadays, a person receives a standard treatment plan with specific personalized cancer treatments which tailors for the right cancers. This personalized approach is carried out using unique genetic and molecular biomarkers or signatures as epigenetic and the microenvironment play an essential role in the final manifestation of the malignant process

A secondary indication can vary amongst different pathways which can hinder the possibility of assessing multiple biomarker at the same time. Unknown pathways could account for a considerable proportion of cardiovascular disease and the best way to break down the “diet-heart hypothesis” is to use hard clinical endpoints. Other epidemiologic studies have shown that the

ABSTRACT Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a critical complication after pediatric cardiac surgery that significantly diminishes the quality of life. Early detection of AKI after pediatric cardiac surgery can lead to better preventive and therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as an early marker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in pediatric cardiac patients. We measured serum

Nutrition Role and Needs for Pets Most communities in the United States do not have an exact data on the numbers of pet owned in each household, but the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), estimate that 144 to176 million pets are owned in the United States.1 There are various requirements and needs to consider when bringing a pet home, for instance, if the house is pet-friendly, the time it takes to train your pet, spaying and neutering, cleaning, taking them to the vet, and importantly

people, disease duration. Objective marker for diagnosis, treatment response With more replication and standardization, ERG, OCT, and retinal imaging will have significant clinical implications. In addition to the possibility for use as an objective biomarker, results can be translated to monitor disease severity, treatment response, providing personalized therapy, and