Biomarker

disease detection (Kang et al., 2016; Hwang et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2014). This may in turn improve the number of asymptomatic PDAC cases detected at a stage where curative therapy remains viable (Kang et al., 2016). Serum Biomarkers The potential role of serum biomarkers in the early detection of PDAC provides promise for the screening of high-risk groups and presents an increasingly stratified approach to disease treatment (Costello et al., 2012). However, detection of PDAC at its curable stage

Application of saliva in biomedical research While saliva is mainly consisting of water, it also contains proteins in large number. Researchers have found that about 30% of blood proteins are also present in saliva, as well as containing hormones, antibodies that are also measured during the blood analyzes [2,9]. The similarities of components present in both blood and saliva allows the saliva to be an alternative for blood test in many cases. While blood test has been the most common method used

Benefits of Immunotherapy from advances in immunology and recombinant DNA technology. Immunotherapy is a form of medical treatment intended to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease. This can be by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response. Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while those that reduce or suppress immune response are suppression immunotherapies. Active

Abstract: Lung cancer has a high mortality rate due to late detection of the disease. There are many different causes of lung cancer but most leading cause is smoking. Biomarkers play an important role in the detection of a disease. There are many present detecting techniques for lung cancer, for example tissue biopsy, computed tomography and laser-induced fluorescence endoscope etc. Every technique have some limitations and the most appropriate technique for detecting lung cancer is mass spectrometry

near future, there is a potential for the development of additional biomarkers for the diagnosis of concussions. With biomarkers associated to specific structures in the brain, new biomarkers could show the specific part of the brain affected by a concussion. With better biomarker information, medical treatments could be developed to mitigate symptoms or cognitive damage (Zetterberg et al., 2013). Certain levels of these biomarkers could be used to predict people increased risk of developing chronic

biochip (C, D). Note. Image reprinted with permission from [10], Uludag Y, Narter F, Sağlam E, Köktürk G, Gök MY, Akgün M, Barut S, Budak S, An integrated lab-on-a-chip-based electrochemical biosensor for rapid and sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers, (2010), © Anal Bioanal Chem 408(27):7775–7783. Gold nanoparticles provide the capability of stable molecular immobilization without affecting bioactivities. As a result, the use of gold electrodes has been used in the successful detection of the

serum markers such as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine require at least a day to show a response after an injury which results in a delay of therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers for renal ischaemic injury could be monitored in the blood or urine. Therefore, another crucial goal in IRI research is to find reliable and predicted biomarkers that related to an injury. IRI challenges with conducting clinical trials The clinical trials performed for pharmacological agents in renal diseases such as kidney

. Biomarkers are measurable indicators of a disease that play a key role in diagnosis and treatment. By being able to quantify the extent of molecular substances associated with a disease, one can compare their values against known standards to help track the progression of disease. Biomarkers also allow researchers to measure the effectiveness of novel treatment drugs. [6] When combined with imaging techniques, biomarkers can play a key role in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s. In particular

Introduction Brief Overview Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an auto-immune disease, meaning that the body’s own antibodies react negatively in the body by attacking its own healthy cells. RA is a disorder that causes extreme and painful swelling in the joints, prolongs healing times, and also puts affected individuals at a higher risk of many other conditions, such as cardiovascular disease (Carmona, Cross, Williams, Lassere, & March, 2010). It affects 0.5% of the adult population worldwide, though

Aim 2 is to test the hypothesis that exRNA produced by Cn during host infection of the CNS is a detectable molecular biomarker for cryptococcal infection. It is well-known that physiological differences exist between pathogens grown during in vitro versus in vivo conditions. In Cn, differences exist in the production of virulence factors such as melanin and capsule in the laboratory under nutrient-rich conditions compared to tissue culture medium and in the host. Furthermore, these physiological