Biomaterial

TABLE OF CONTENTS Biomaterials 2 Advent 2 Advantages and disadvantages 3 Uses: 4 Disposal: 5 Their economics: 6 Biological materials 8 Advent 8 Advantages and disadvantages 9 Uses: 9 Disposal: 10 Their economics: 10 Nanomaterials 12 Advent 12 Advantages and disadvantages 12 Uses: 13 Disposal: 14 Their economics: 15 References: 17 BIOMATERIALS ADVENT One of the earliest uses of non-biological materials within the body was the wooden toe prosthetic in 1065-740BC in early Egypt. However, research

TABLE OF CONTENTS Biomaterials 2 Advent 2 Advantages and disadvantages 3 Uses: 4 Disposal: 5 Their economics: 6 Biological materials 8 Advent 8 Advantages and disadvantages 9 Uses: 9 Disposal: 10 Their economics: 10 Nanomaterials 12 Advent 12 Advantages and disadvantages 12 Uses: 13 Disposal: 14 Their economics: 15 References: 17 BIOMATERIALS ADVENT One of the earliest uses of non-biological materials within the body was the wooden toe prosthetic in 1065-740BC in early Egypt. However, research

bioactive biomaterials in bone grafting and well-known for their excellent biocompatibility with the human body environment. CTS composed of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine units, linked in β (1-4) manner, obtained from chitin by partial or complete deacetylation. It is flexible in nature and has a resistance upon heating. CTS is excellent biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and non-immunogenicity.4,5 HAP has attracted much attention as a biomaterial because

The compatibility of a LB with other drugs and implanted materials is an important factor impacting drug safety and efficacy. The liposomal formulation of the local anesthetic bupivacaine is designed to provide prolonged postsurgical analgesia. Its compatibility with other drugs and materials depends on the compatibility of the drug itself, along with the integrity of liposomal components. A series of studies was conducted by Kharitonov V ed al to evaluate the compatibility of liposome bupivacaine

Prior work on total hip implant biomaterial wear behavior:- Adelina Borruto et.al:- carried out wear test on pin-on disc wear test machine without lubrication for UHMWPE and PEEK disc with ASTM F1537 Co-Cr alloy Angular velocity 100cycles/min Linear velocity 0.18m/min, mean radius of track 1.7 cm Normal load applied 20N Average nominal contact pressure 0.12Gpa (Peek) Surface finish Ra(µm)=0.03-0.08; Ra (µm)=0.08-3 Cleansing solvent Acetone CO(CH3)2 Lubrication Continuous drop addition Lubricant Demineralized

continuously remodel the ECM, induce microenvironment changes while environment regulate gene expression, and determine cell phenotype.2,3 Therefore, the challenge in designing ECM biomaterials is to mimic

release ions into the adjacent tissue and cause inflammatory process. The important role in the biomaterial surface preparation has been a major study area for many scientists to enhance the surface properties for better dental and orthopedic implant osseointegration. The very last step of surface modification is the sterilizing method used to sterilize the implant surface before packaging. All biomaterials must be "well" sterilized before using them, however, the effect of these methods on the implant

affect the activity of cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Apparently, the biomaterial used in fabrication of scaffolds may influence its significant features, such as biodegradability, bioactivity and porosity. The bioactivity, including cell adhesion, cell alignment and interaction between scaffolds and cellular components could be enhanced by adding the biological cues onto the biomaterials. Besides that, it is also important for

Many standard procedures in surgeries nowadays that deal with biomaterial implants are loaded with antibiotics for local treatments and for the prevention of future implant infections. The goal of this approach is to rid the body of new infections or foreign bodies that may have entered during implantation of the biomaterial. The local release of antibiotics can be controlled and targeted based on the characteristics of the bacteria that are near the infection site. This route of treating infected

Implanted biomaterials provoke an inflammatory response, known as the foreign body reaction {Daghighi, 2014 #119}. Following formation of adsorbed protein layer, a cascade of inflammatory processes occurs on the biomaterial surface and the extent of these events depends on the implantation procedure, target tissue/organ and properties of the adsorbed protein layer {Anderson, 2008 #54}. The presence of specific adsorbed proteins (especially vitronectin) in the layer influences the inflammatory cell