Bitumen

Introduction Tar sands are a combination of clay, sand, water, and bitumen. As a type of unconventional petroleum deposit, tar sands are found in many places worldwide, the largest deposits are found in Alberta, Canada. The Alberta tar sand deposits contain more than 70.8% of the world 's reserves of natural bitumen which representing 40% of the world’s combined extra-heavy crude oil and crude bitumen reserves. It is the only bitumen deposits that are economically recoverable for conversion to synthetic

discovered a vast quantity of bitumen deposits located in Eastern Alberta. At that time, there was no viable method of producing bitumen while simultaneously attempting to make profits. This matter led one of Imperial Oil’s researchers, Dr. Roger Butler, into developing a concept that will deal with this case. Based on his findings, he concluded that if steam were to be placed into areas where bitumen deposits were located, it could reduce the overall viscosity levels of the bitumen, allowing it to flow easily

point of plastic is achieved at about 160 degrees Celsius. These properties of plastics will play a good role in construction of roads. The softened plastic can be laminated over hot aggregates and can be used as an alternative to the very costly bitumen used as a binder in road construction. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the significance of plastic use in road construction in terms of strength and cost reduction. Key words Aggregates, Flexible Pavement, Shredded

What is environmental stewardship, and why is it so important? Well, environmental stewardship is being responsible, with the way we treat the environment. It is important, because if we destroy our environment, we end up destroying that which provides for us, and ultimately our means of survival. I am going to talk about the Alberta tar sands development, and about how they are not effectively protecting their environment. This has already led to negative effects in the surrounding areas. These

an old pavement containing bitumen and aggregates. These materials are obtained when asphalt pavements are removed for reconstruction, resurfacing, or to gain access to buried utilities. When properly crushed and screened, RAP consists of high-quality, well-graded aggregates coated by asphalt cement (FHWA 1998). The collected RAP material used in the study is collected from Narela and was tested in the laboratory for the following properties: Determination of Bitumen Content (ASTM D-6307) Binder

(mainly stone and sand) mixed with bitumen (asphalt cement). The aggregates can be obtained from natural sources with the correct grading or from quarries where crushed aggregates are processed. Quarry is usually the main source of aggregates for asphalt mixtures. Bitumen can also be obtained from natural sources, but these natural sources are only available in certain countries. The main source of bitumen for asphalt mixtures is from petroleum processing where bitumen is a byproduct of the distillation

due to their exposure to these toxins. The Alberta government claims that the tar sands development leaves the Athabasca Lake unaffected, but I don 't believe that for a minute. They say that any contamination found in the river comes from natural bitumen seeps. It is very obvious from the number of cancer patients in Fort Chipewyan, and the deformed fish from the lake that the tar sands is the cause. I believe that the tailings ponds used by the tar sands are not properly lined, and that is leading

but the wide range of this sand are finding in Canada. The research show that this company is important for economy and showing robust future in the future because in 2004, the processing of engineered unrefined petroleum (SCO) and natural rough bitumen spoke to 41 percent of aggregate Canadian oil generation. At an accepted WTI cost of $32 for every barrel, the oil sands generation is relied upon to expand three fold by 2017, helping considerably more than 50% of Alberta's oil supply. The normal

supplies like Shoal Lake, which supplies drinking water to Winnipeg as well as posing a threat to the St. Lawrence River which is a breeding ground for the beluga-whale. Bitumen is much different than regular crude oil and there are fewer studies on Bitumen and the toxic impacts it can have on human health and the natural environment. Bitumen is nearly impossible to clean up because unlike regular crude oil, it sinks

of the Alberta Tar Sands” was a Greenpeace film produced by Peter Mettler. The shots came primarily from a helicopter offering an overview of the world's largest industrial energy project. In the beginning of the film, they introduced the term bitumen. Bitumen comes from the extraction of crude oil and needs a lot of water to produce. They also emphasized Canada's tar sands are an oil reserve the size of England. During the film, they mostly compared the differences of the forest around it and the