Bungee cord

called neural tube defects. Normally, the neural tube forms early in pregnancy and then is fully closed by the 28th day after conception. Babies with spina bifida, a portion of the tube don’t develop or close properly, causing a defect in the spinal cord and in the bones of the spine. Spina bifida occurs in different forms and severity. If treatment is necessary, it's done surgically, this doesn’t mean the problem is completely solved though. Symptoms Spina bifida has three different forms, which

What is Hyperreflexia? Hyperreflexia, also known as autonomic dysreflexia, is a state that is unique to patients after spinal cord injury at a T-5 level and above. Patients with spinal cord injuries at Thoracic 5 (T-5) level and above are very susceptible. Also patients at Thoracic 6 - Thoracic 10 (T6-T10) may be susceptible. Patients with Thoracic 10 (T-10) and below are usually not susceptible. Also, the older the injury the less likely the person will experience autonomic dysreflexia. Hyperreflxia

means no, “myo” refers to the muscle cells, and “trophic” refers to nourishment (ALS Association, 2016; Gulli & Veillette, 2002; Hains, 2006). “Lateral” indicates the area of the spinal cord where the nerves are being affected (Gulli & Veillette, 2002). “Sclerosis” refers to the scarring and hardening of the spinal cord

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a type of therapy used as a form of treatment for swallowing disorders (dysphagia). This method involves placing electrodes on one or several external sites on the anterior neck to which an electrical current is applied to peripheral tissue targets (Clark, Lazarus, Arvedson, Schooling, & Frymark, 2009, p 362). “it is hypothesized that such stimulation aims to improve function by strengthening the swallowing musculature or by stimulating the sensory pathways

the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of x-ray treatment on rats after spinal cord injury. Their hypothesis was that x-ray irradiation could alter the microcirculation of the injured site, impede the deterioration of the spinal cord, and advance the recovery of structure and function after spinal cord injury in rats. Their methodology involved investigating the x-ray irradiation treatment in an experimental spinal cord injury model. Then they could analyze the effect of x-ray irradiation on the restoration

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, is a neurodegenerative disease associated with the breakdown and loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Voluntary muscle control degenerates until the body eventually loses function. To better understand how ALS works, the medical terminology can first be translated into a more basic understanding. ‘A-’ meaning not, “myo-” meaning muscle, and “-trophic” meaning nourishment or growth [source]. Due to the loss of motor neurons, the muscle loses nourishment

demonstrate the structural changes to the neuronal fibers (microstructures) in brain. Diffusion Tractography Imaging (DTI) metrics based on DWI are vital non-invasive measures in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. Diffusion of water molecules is on the scale of 13 microns/sec in the spinal cord, which is 15mm in diameter and exhibits a periodic physiological movement. Therefore, DWI should exhibit high spatial and time resolution, importantly to acquire data during least motion phase (quiescence)

Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to the next. Nerve impulse is transmitted across synapse, which is the area between two adjacent neuron through the neurotransmitter; a chemical conducting substance. The presynaptic neuron-neuron that relays impulses toward the synapse releases neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles through the plasma membrane to the synaptic cleft, where they attach to protein on the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic neuron-neuron that relays impulses

Anatomically speaking, the nervous system is divided into two parts: The Central Nervous System (CNS) resulting from the organization of nervous tissue around a fluid core, ventricles (Brain), and continues with the medullary central cavity (Spinal cord). At the top, around the lateral ventricles,

outside the central nervous system is enabled by the peripheral nervous system; it consists of bundles of nerves/axons that allow the body to detect sensation. The axons involved are connected to the brain and the spinal cord; the spinal nerves carry information to and from the spinal cord and cranial nerves carry information to and from the brain. The sensory division of the system consists of axons that communicate information from the sensory receptors; the sensory receptors used to detect sensation