Carbocation

The purpose of this experiment is to produce cyclohexene through the acid catalyzed elimination of water from cyclohexanol. Secondary alcohols like as cyclohexanol, undergo dehydration by E1 mechanism. In this experiment the important intermediate in the mechanism is the cyclohexyl cation. This intermediate can undergo both substitution and elimination reactions. In order to prepare the cyclohexene in a desired yield, it is imperative to the substitution reaction. In this experiment, the substitution

become polarized which allowed for the reaction to take place. The pi bonds of Benzene ring nucleophilically attacked the polarized bromine atom and an arenium cation resulted. Resonance allowed for the arenium ion to be stabilized and for the carbocation to move throughout the ring until it reached the acetanilide substituent containing the acetamide group. Acetamide groups contain an NH atom

Abstract In this experiment, the light-initiated free radical chlorination of 1-chlorobutane was carried out to obtain a mixture of dichlorobutane isomers. The product mixture was analyzed by gas chromatography in order to determine the relative abundance and reactivity of each isomer formed. This experiment was performed to better understand how the halogen substituent affects the hydrogen abstraction rate and the radical intermediate stability. The following report provides an explanation for the

LAB 4: ADDITION REACTIONS OF ALKENES: BROMINATION OF (E)-STILBENE (Preparative) Introduction The first purpose of this lab was to predict the stereoisomeric composition of alkenes brominated through electrophilic addition

the aromatic ring is so stable, the carbocation intermediate loses a proton to sustain the aromatic ring rather than reacting with a nucleophile. Ring substituents strongly influence the rate and position of electrophilic attack. Electron-donating groups on the benzene ring speed up the substitution process by stabilizing the carbocation intermediate. Electron-withdrawing groups, however, slow down the aromatic substitution because formation of the carbocation intermediate is more difficult. The

Distillation is a technique used in chemistry to isolate/purify a mixture of liquid chemicals based on boiling points and vapor pressure.1 In this experiment, various isomers of methylcyclohexene were synthesized from 2-methylcyclohexanol via an alcohol dehydration E1 elimination reaction. This reaction is in an equilibrium state, and therefore, distilling and then condensing the product as the reaction progresses allows for a higher yield due to Le Chatelier 's principle. Simple distillation was

In this experiment, the objective is to use an acidic catalyst to make 2-methyl-2-butanol undergo an E1 reaction and to use gas chromatography to analyze the remaining mixture of alkenes. Elimination reactions are ones that focus on the removal of a molecule, without replacement. There are two different elimination reaction mechanisms, E1 and E2. Both reaction mechanisms involve the removal of a molecule, leaving group, and a double bond (pi bond) being formed. In this experiment, an E1 reaction

The purpose of this lab is to synthesize bromocyclohexane from cyclohexane and pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide using reflex method. The product obtained is put through various tests such as Beistein, NaI, and AgNO3 tests for halogen testing, and GC analysis for determining the purity of the product. Cyclohexane (10ml, 7.78g, 0.0924mol) and pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide (9.39g, 0.0294mol) were put into 50ml round bottom flask. The initiator AIBN of 0.1g was carefully added to the flask along

An alcohol dehydration reaction is useful for synthesizing alkenes. Through the use of an acid catalyst, an alcohol is protonated and then dehydrated by the loss of a water molecule. This dehydration step results in a carbocation, and deprotonation by a base results in a final alkene product. In this experiment, 4-methylcyclohexene was obtained with a 32% yield. The theoretical yield of the product was 6.3 grams, but the actual yield of the product was 2.0 grams. A low percent yield of product could

before the first step can take place, the alcohol group on 2-methyl-2-butanol is protonated by sulfuric acid so that water is formed as a suitable leaving group. The first step can then take place: the loss of water as leaving group to form a carbocation intermediate. Then, a beta proton is eliminated resulting in the formation of a double bond, forming an alkene. In this reaction, a major product (2-methyl-2-butene) and a minor product (2-methyl-1-butene) are formed. Two products were formed because