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    Embryonic Tissue

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    In the article, “Stem-Cell Research Utilizing Embryonic Tissue Should Not Be Conducted”, Bertha Alvarez Manninen argues on the basis that it is unethical to allow the destruction of embryos in order to further stem-cell research, by relating it to the destruction of human life. Manninen explains the different stages of the human embryo and how it can be legally justified as a human. Therefore, an embryo can be defended by basic human rights. She supports this using Kant’s formula of humanity, which

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    Autoimmune disease affects over fifty million Americans. Autoimmune disease develops when your immune system, which defends your body against disease, decides your healthy cells are foreign. As a result your immune system attacks healthy cells. There are as many as 80 types of autoimmune diseases; many of which have similar symptoms. The symptoms, how to diagnose and treatments are very similar for all the different types of auto immune disorders (Roddick). Autoimmune disease often run in families

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    Large animal models for neurodegenerative diseases Numerous human genetic disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, occur because of genetic mutations in human cells. New genome editing tools – as of 2014 - such as transcription activator-like endonucleases (TALENs) or CRISPR/Cas9 further ease the precise generation of non-human primates (NHP) models for human diseases. Several of these NHP models displayed clinical manifestations like those of human disorders, in comparison with rodent models

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    Dendrimers Dendrimers are 3D polymers with spherical, highly branched structures. Polyesters, polyamines, and polyamides are commonly used; however, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are the most frequently used due to their high transfection efficiency. The transfection efficiency is highly influenced by the size of dendrimers and the type of amine groups that they are composed of. The primary amine groups participate in DNA binding, so they promote DNA cellular uptake. However, the tertiary amino

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    limited to mature human cells, CRISPR can, and mostly likely will, be used to modify the genes of human embryos, effectively allowing the creation of a new class of modified humans, or what the co-inventor of CRISPR refers to as, “Designer Babies”. This class of modified humans will results in a gradual and irreversible evolution of the human species. The changes will start small, select families will have the power to change their child’s genetic makeup to prevent an imminent disease. But as time and the

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    they are alive, such as viruses. Viruses are infectious agents(which creates disease) which replicates only inside of living cells of other organisms, it can infect all types of life

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    magical. During these eight weeks study, I found the huge interest in lifespan human development. This course taught me the “roots” of human beings. Until now, I realized how human was born, and I also learn a lot about human development and possible diseases in each period. Besides, I learned the research process. They are really wonderful knowledge and helpful to me! The three thing I interested is research methods, the collaborative gene, and prenatal development. First of all. I learned research methods

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    to invent new materials and medicines to increase the quality of life. Once again, we are using animals for another reason, lab testing and examination. Scientists believe that testing on animals will help humans discover new drugs and cure many diseases. However, many believe that every single subject deserves to live, and that it is cruel to use animals as examinees. In addition, there is proof that this method is useless and we should replace it with a better solution. ​Animals have long been

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    treating or preventing the disease. Gene therapy protocols follow two paths. Somatic gene therapy is a process in which hybrid retro vector is inserted into the cell. The vector binds to the cell membrane, packages itself in the vesicle which breaks down releasing it into the nucleus. Retroviruses are vectors harnessed for this task because their RNA genetic information can easily be transcribed into DNA. Furthermore, retroviruses introduce enzymes like integrase into the cell. Integrase incorporates

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    production of an extra chromosome 21. Most people who have Down syndrome have similar physical features. The average symptoms include mental disabilities and delays in maturing. When this genetic condition is classified as severe, those affected by this disease suffer from serious health issues. The chromosome affected by Down syndrome is chromosome 21. Chromosome 21 is twenty first pair of chromosomes in which are a part of the twenty three pairs of chromosomes found in human beings. People normally have

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