Cellular differentiation

clears the secretions from the trachea and excretes them through the mouth. Therefore it is important that when generating a TET appropriate cell expansion and differentiation occurs. There are several proposed methods of seeding a scaffold that include direct in-vitro implantation, progenitor cell mobilization and adjacent tissue cellular migration. Progenitor cell mobilization is promoted by

many adult tissues are safeguarded by stem cells (SCs) which exist in the top of the cellular sorting section of these tissues (Beck, 2013). Practical assessments, such as transplantation, in vitro clonogenic assesses (technique used to study efficacy of exact agents in terms of the proliferation and endurance of cells) and in vivo lineage tracing, have been undertaken to evaluate the repairing and differentiation capability of normal SCs (Beck, 2013). Currently, research is on-going to resolve whether

MECHANISMS OF STEM CELL One of the major obstacles in progressing to large-scale clinical trials of cardiac stem cell therapy is the ongoing debate regarding the mechanism of action by which stem cell therapy leads to cardiac repair. The classic idea that provided the primary motivation for stem cell therapy is that delivery of the appropriate stem cells would repair a damaged heart via active myocardial regeneration resulting from transdifferentiation of the administered stem cells.19 Some researchers

Stem cells and cloning have been around for a long time now. This process of this research has caused controversy and it has a lot of people wondering. The research on the development of stem cells and cloning has benefits scientifically, ethnically, and medically that are outgrowing today’s surrounding controversy. Adult and/or Embryonic stem cells are conjoined with animal cells to clone. In the process of cloning, genetic material is transferred between the human and the animal cell. To begin

those identical to itself. Differentiation is a cellular process whereby a stem cell will divide into a specialised cell, for example a neuron2. To harness the unique cellular function of a stem cell could mean the cultivation

Epigenetic modifications on histones and DNA exercise precise regulation of gene expression, and thus have a profound influence on cellular differentiation and function. The most widely studied modification on DNA is 5 methylcytosine (5mC) that frequently occurs in a CpG dinucleotide context. Initially, the de novo DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) enzymes Dnmt3a and 3b mediate the transfer of the methyl group to cytosine, while the maintenance Dnmt1 ensures subsequent propagation of this mark through

Salamanders, also known as the urodeles, are one of the few amphiabians that keep their tails during the process of being an adult. Their life cycle begins as being eggs within the environment of water, soon to be evolved to larvas. These larvas are basically developing into the stage of being a full adult. Typically when most people think of regeneration, the thought of rebuilding comes into mind. In the same respect, a salamander possesses this ability and uses it to their advantage. Regeneration

The background of this report is based on the controversy surrounding thoracic surgeon, Paolo Macchiarini. Macchiarini grew a reputation as a star surgeon for his work involving ground-breaking trachea transplants. He was viewed as a forerunner in the field of regenerative medicine using both synthetic and biological scaffolds as trachea transplants. The transplants were seeded with the patients own stem cells taken from bone marrow and placed in a machine where it rotated in a solution designed

2003). Therefore, endothelial cells could be a major source of modulators of pulp-dentin development and angiogenesis. We recently showed that co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with DPSCs enhances osteo/odontogenic differentiation and angiogenesis in monolayer cultures (Dissanayaka et al., 2012). However, the interactions of these two cells in angiogenesis and pulp-like tissue regeneration in vivo remain unknown. Shaping functional dentin/pulp complex from monodispersed

What makes one individual different from the other? Many have attempted to answer this question- from ancient philosophers and theologists to modern day scientists. Regardless of whether the individual concerned is a cell or a whole organism, the answer is said to lie in the nature vs. nurture debate. Thus arose another, related question- How do individuals with extremely similar blueprints develop an astounding amount of differences? Biological research attempting to settle the debate for once and