Cerebral cortex

prefrontal cortex is the most anterior region of the frontal lobe. It occupies one-third of the cerebral cortex and is key for executive functions such as problem solving, working memory, and emotional control. It is also crucial in decision making and the expression of personality. The prefrontal cortex is imperative for efficient cognitive functioning; damage can result in severe impairment to skills such as emotional regulation, moral behavior, and empathy. In addition, the prefrontal cortex is a sub-region

This "wiring" between the cerebral cortex and the rest of the body has been the focus of research on phantom limb pain. From this research, several theories have emerged. Merzenich and Kaas amputated monkeys' fingers and expected to find no nervous response in the part of the homunculus whose bodily analog no longer existed. Instead, this region of the cerebral cortex fired when the fingers next to the amputation site were stimulated. Their conclusion

As I stood staring at the beautifully detailed oil-on-canvas painting, my mind began racing, conjuring up random stories behind all the people, the place, and the weather in this painting. This painting, titled Port of Ostia During a Tempest by Leonardo Carlo Coccorante, is nothing more than just a story portrayed on a canvas and its words, the oils, are scattered all over it, depicting a story about a populous port going through some horrible weather and the people experiencing it first-hand. The

Memories include many different stages of memory formation such as sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory, which requires an intensive cascade of neuronal signalling in many different regions in the brain in order to process. This brain-wide process of memory formation functions with each element of a memory (sights, sensations, emotions, sounds) being encoded in its respective region of the brain that processes these responses and result in a reactivation of the same neural patterns

most common cause of death and first cause of adult disability (12). The rehabilitation is the major part of his care (13). Stroke is a neurological deficit caused by an acute focal injury of the central nervous system (CNS) by a vascular cause: a cerebral infarction appears with overt symptoms or intracerebral hemorrhage with no symptoms (10%) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (5%) (14). The motor impairment that can be regarded as a loss or limitation of function in movement or limitation in mobility and

Patients cannot understand language but can still make sounds. (Amthor, F. (n.d.)) Somatosensory cortex processes input from various systems in the body that are sensitive to touch. Specialized cells react specifically to pain. Multiple types of sensation from body, includes tough, sight, hear, smell, and taste. Sensory information carried to the brain by the neural pathways. (Somatosensory cortex. (n.d.)) Occipital lobe receives visual information directly from eyes. This lobe is important so the

The telencephalon is at the front of the brain and is made up of the basil ganglia, the cerebral cortex, the olfactory bulb, and the corpus striatum. The functions of the telencephalon include: determining intelligence, personality, sense of smell, sense of touch, sensory impulse interpretations, organization and planning. The diencephalon is located in between the cerebral hemispheres and is greater than the midbrain. It is composed of the thalamus and hypothalamus structures

ectoderm forming what is termed as the neural tube. “By 27 days, the tube is fully closed and has already begun its transformation into the brain and spinal cord of the embryo” (Zero to three). Failure of the neural tube to close can result in the cerebral cortex not being able to be formed or in spina bifida. Cells called neural progenitor cells, which formed and differentiated in the ectoderm during gastrulation, begin forming the brain, hind brain and the spinal

Bhattacharjee The cerebral cortex is the outer portion of the brain that covers the cerebrum and the cerebellum (1.5 mm to 5 mm thick). It is the layer of the brain known as the gray matter. This portion of the brain is further divided into four lobes for classification, frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital. Our most complex mental activities like speech, memory, problem solving, planning, awareness, and the execution of complex responses in the world are controlled by the cerebral cortex. Hence monitoring

(Barker et al, 1996). This has also been shown similarly by Owen et al (1996) in similar tasks, but only focusing # on healthy participants. Due to this prior work, Owen et al (1998) were able to quite certainly state that GPi outputs to the prefrontal cortex were playing a vital role in the performance of these planning and spatial working memory tasks, both of which are higher functioning cognitive processes. Similarly, Jueptner et al (1997) performed a PET study that required healthy participants to