Charles II of Naples

Chapter 12 Outline Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance Meaning and Characteristics of the Renaissance **Italian Renaissance primarily of the wealthy upper class of elite rather than mass movement** Urban Society Renaissance Italy a result of its commercial preeminence and political evolution, northern Italy (mid-14th century) was mostly a land of independent cities that dominated the country districts surrounding. the city-states were the centers of Italian political, economic, and

Hundred year’s war led to the black death: During the hundred year’s war, people began to catch a terrible sickness that was spreading along Mongol trade routes through central Asia to both china and Western Europe. This sickness was called the bubonic plague. The bacteria was infecting people when infected fleas bit them. Bubonic plague was one of the most feared diseases pf the ancient and medieval worlds. 2.City-states led to The renaissance in Italy: Renaissance society first took

kingdom. An insurrection in 1848 caused pope Pius IX to flee Rome and a republic was proclaimed. King Charles Albert of Sardinia mobilized his army and marched to the assistance of Lombardy and joined in the war to drive the Austrians from Italian soil. While it initially looked as if the independence and unity of Italy was a realistic possibility, the Austrians defeated the Piedmontese and Charles Albert had to abdicate.

The natural behavior of man, whether they are good or bad, has been a disputed topic for centuries. John Locke and Thoman Hobbes, two influential enlightenment philosophers, lead this argument, even after their death. Locke believed in the natural goodness and equality of man, whereas Hobbes believed humans were naturally selfish and cruel (Zint). While Locke’s philosophy seems more desirable, Hobbes 's thoughts have much more evidence, namely in the corruption of leaders. These men have absolute

Locke believes that sovereignty should be with the people. Locke’s ideals derived from the resistance of Charles II. King James II was unpopular with the public and was thrown out in favor of King William III. This was known as the Glorious Revolution. John Locke used his Second Treatise on Civil Government and backdrop to help King William gain more favor. Locke argues

Urban VI out of fear  Allegiances to the two popes • Urban VI (Italian pope in Rome) o supported by England and its allies including the Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland) • Clement VII o supported by France and its allies including Naples, Scotland, Castile, and Aragon o Conciliar Theory of Church Government  conciliar theory • technically, since a pope is infallible, a council could not depose him • church scholars debated for thirty years whether or not a council of church leaders

Despite their growth of political power during the 16th century, Spain’s political situation in the 17th century is often seen as a time of “decline”. Decentralized political power and ineffective taxation were of the many reasons for the struggles faced by the Spanish Monarchy as well as the progression of weak kings followed by power struggles. Before Spain started turning downward, they were not only a European, but global power. This “began with the marriage (1469) of queen Isabel of Castile

political family. My Father was the notorious Roman Emperor Charles the Fifth at the time, and my Mother was Isabella of Portugal. What were your ambitions as a young boy? I was very loyal to my father. I wanted to be a ruler like him someday. I made it my top priority. What you say were some of the major events in your youth and young adult life? For starters, I received the duchy of Milan from my father when I was just thirteen. He gave me Naples and Sicily fourteen years later. I married my cousin,

of Handel’s most well known works and it started off as a suggestion from a friend. Charles Jennens was a fan of Handel’s music as evidenced that he helped Handel finance every publication Handel made since Rodelinda in 1725 (Smith, "Charles Jennens”). The two quickly became close friends, and worked together on many pieces, including the work “Saul” where both Jennens and Handel would work together (Smith, "Charles Jennens”). Because of religious and political views he opposed the Act of Settlement

Martin Luther: Reformer Martin Luther was born in Eisieben, Germany, on November 10,1483, St. Martin’s Day. He was the son of Has Luther, a coal miner, and Margarethe. Martin’s parents were of the middle class and were unbending in their disciplinary acts. He attended the best schools in his region but all of them held to the barbaric discipline system of the times. This had a big impact on Martin’s personality. But he did receive some positive influence from his home