Clade

introgressive hybridisation between these two species (Williams & Villet, 2013). In another study, the nuclear gene elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) did not recover L. sericata and L. cuprina as sister-species (McDonagh & Stevens, 2011), but the clade containing L. sericata was poorly resolved and thus the conclusion was not well supported. In the same study, the 28S and COI gene trees both recovered L. sericata and L. cuprina as sister species with strong support (McDonagh & Stevens, 2011). The

Classification is a matter of categorizing various living-things into different groups and therefore we can distinguish diverse species. It is absolutely crucial and takes a huge role in our lives of human-beings, who are the most developed and intellectual animals on the planet earth. Classification gradually led to a massive development of Science, especially Biology and eventually resulted in the creation of new classification systems which we are pretty much aware of in the 21st century. If there

family lines which began diversion ~1.0-2.0 million years ago. Previous research, which is almost entirely fossil-based, concludes mammoth mitochondrial DNA can be sorted into 5 haplogroups or 3 major clades. This hypothesis is correct however up until this study was published the timing of the clade evolution of the order in which they evolved was not known. By combing the extensive paleological records with the 143 mitochondrial genomes, researchers have sequenced 54 complete mitochondrial mammoth

uses this poison to defend itself against other predators!¨ (EOL 1). The scientific classification of the Glaucus Atlanticus is as follows: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; unranked: clade Heterobranchia, clade Euthyneura, clade Nudibranchia, clade Dexiarchia, clade

the tree of life. The two perspectives for teaching zoology are the Linnean taxonomical and the Phylogenetic clade-based perspective. The Linnean taxonomical perspective is a rank-based hierarchy while the phylogenetic clade-based perspective groups species by focusing a common ancestor and its descendants. In regards to teaching zoology there is more value in using the phylogenetic clade-based perspective rather than the Linnean perspective because it allows students to organize the details of biodiversity

named acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). The virus differed from other enteroviruses in the same clade by using a respiratory transmission instead of the oral-fecal route. Worldwide, the enterovirus has a basis in clades A, B, and C with clades B and C predominant in the United States. The diversity is a result of the most recent common ancestor being from 1997 for clade A, 1999 for clade C, and 2007 for clade B (Tokarz et al. 2017). The rapid evolution of the virus presents difficulties in

16s rRNA shows that gorilla is more closely related to the chimpanzee and the bonobo, when compared to the other primates (Figure 11.3A). Furthermore, all of the four trees produced show that modern humans and Neanderthals appear as a monophyletic clade 100% of bootstrap replication times which supports the first hypothesis stating that Neanderthals would be the closest relatives to modern humans, when compared to the other primates (Figure 11.3A, 11.3B). Additionally, the phylogenetic trees were

Derived characteristics are traits that separate the members of a clade apart from others. They show an organism's evolution from ancestors. The Green Sea Turtle’s Order is Testudines, while the other orders in its clade are Lepidosauria and Archosauria. All three of these Orders have a derived characteristic. Testudines species have a shell, like a turtle does, Lepidosauria had scales like

279). Generally speaking, these divergence times support the known New World monkey fossil record. Palaentological evidence thus far describes Doliochocebus as a fossil of cebine, in the clade that includes extant members of genus Saimiri (Szalay and Delson, 1979). Based on estimations of the origin of the subfamily Cebinae which was 18 million years ago, this fossil was in fact the stem of the subfamily. Also, Stirtonia was considered to

Location- The location of an ecosystem affects its functioning. At a global scale, latitude, distance from the sea and altitude play decisive roles in determining climate and ultimately the nature of particular ecosystems. The Great Barrier Reef is found along the Queensland coastline. It stretches as far north as Papa New Guinea, 8o South Latitude, to just above (north) of Fraser Island, 24o South Latitude, (an approximate 2300 Km stretch). There are four main regions along the Great Barrier Reef