Clindamycin

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is defined as the recovery of an isolate of S. pneumoniae from a normally sterile site, such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural fluid, joint aspirate, pericardial fluid, or peritoneal fluid [1]. Splenic abscesses are rare in the pediatric population [2]. Early recognition and intervention are critical due to the high mortality rate associated with delayed diagnosis [3]. A literature review revealed no case reports of splenic abscesses due to invasive pneumococcal

1.) After reading Kelly’s story I researched different skin infections that may cause a rash on a person. Four different infections I found were Scabies, Impetigo, also known as Indian Fire, Cellulitis, and Folliculitis (7). Scabies is a contagious rash caused by the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei (6). Scabies is a rash that produces red itchy bumps (6). Impetigo is caused by Staphylococcus and Streptococcus bacteria (5). Impetigo is extremely contagious and is spread by close contact (5). Cellulitis

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen found mainly on skin, nose and respiratory tract 1 The gram positive facultative anaerobe is round. Transmission occurs through humans or animals, exposure to contaminated surfaces or enterotoxins presence in food 2 . Most susceptible are newborns, young children and the elderly due to reduced immune function 3, 4. Immunocompromised individuals diagnosed ( ie. AIDS, HIV, Crohn’s etc.) assume greater risk of infection 3, 5 . S. aureus causes many

history of antibiotics. The first antibiotic discovered was penicillin by Alexander Fleming while working with Staphylococcus. With this discovery, a surge of natural and synthetic drugs was discovered to treat bacterial infections. During the 1970s, clindamycin and cephalosporins were highly used as an effective antibiotic against bacterial infection but at the same time disrupted the normal, healthy bowel flora, allowing C.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that is responsible for several infections in humans like pneumonia, bloodstream infection, etc. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was first identified among hospitalized patients in 1960s. MRSA is any strain of Staphylococcus aureus developed through the process of natural selection and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins (methicillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, etc.) and the cephalosporins

Streptococcus pneumoniae, commonly called S. Pneumoniae or Pneumonccus, is a significant human pathogenic bacterium. This bacteria can cause a wide variety of illnesses depending on where the bacteria occupies. It is found in the respiratory tract, nasopharynx or the blood stream. Conditions that may develop from Streptococcus Pneumoniae of the nasopharynx are: Conjunctivitis, Ottis media and sinusitis. Conditions steaming from bacteria located in the respiratory tract are pneumonia. Conditions that

Staphylococci are nonmotile, non-spore forming, spherical, catalase-positive, gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococci are classified as either coagulase-positive or coagulase-negative. Staphylococcus epidermidis lack the enzyme coagulase and are classified as a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) (John et al.; Namvar et al.; Otto; Tortora et al. 591). Because of their thick peptidoglycan layer, gram-positive cocci are well suited for survival in harsh conditions, including living in areas with

partially because of the prednisone dosage. He is being treated now with a collagen wound healing ointment and he is making excellent progress. While hospitalized for his pneumonia and pulmonary decompensation, he was treated with Levaquin and clindamycin. But cultures from the skin lesions were never positive. A biopsy of the lesions has shown a lymphocytic, histocytic and neurophilic infiltrate without signs of

and is able to penetrate the blood brain barrier. Sulfadiazine is a folic acid synthesis inhibitor that is a designated orphan product for synergistic use with pyrimethamine to treat toxoplasmosis. For patients with a documented sulfa allergy, clindamycin and atovaquone may be used as alternative therapeutic agents; however, because sulfadiazine is so integral to the success of toxoplasmosis treatment, it is recommended that clinicians attempt sulfa desensitization in these patients. Leucovorin

individuals. Proper hand washing is critical when trying to control the spread of the bacteria. If infection would occur antibiotics are a common form of treatment. In the 1970’s all pneumococcal bacteria were sensitive to Penicillin, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Cephalosporins, and Vancomycin. In the early 1990’s pneumococcal bacteria showed decreased sensitivity and resistance to frequently used antibiotics. Avelox, Bactrim DS, and Bactrim are used now to treat Streptococcus pneumoniae. (Ballough,